KERSHAW. 462 KESSEL. KER'SHAW, .TosKPii Kkevard (1822-94). An American soldier in the Confederate scrviec, born at Camden, S. C. Ho was admitted to the bar in 18t3, and was a member of the ^So^lth Carolina Senate from 1852 until 1857. At the befjiniiing of the Civil War he eommanded the Second South Carolina Volunteers an<l took part in the lirst l)attle of Bull Kun. He was eonimissioneil briga- dier-general on February l.'J, 1802, and com- manded a brigade in the Peninsular campaign, at the close of which he joine<l the Confederate forces in northern Virginia and took part in the Maryland campaign. Toward the end of the battle of Fredericksburg lie succeeded (!en. T. K. R. Cobb, uixm the hitter's death, and repulsed the last two attacks made by the Federals on ilarye's Hill. The next year ho was engaged in the battle of (lettysburg, and tlicn was trans- ferred with Longstreet's corps to the West, where he took part in Iht^ charge which destroyed the Federal right wing at Chickaiiiauga. After the relief of Knoxville and Longstreet's retreat to Virginia, he commanded a divisiim in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, and Cold Har- bor, and wa.s engaged in the Shenandoah cam- paign of 1804 against Sheridan. After the evac- uation of Kichniond his troo]is formed part of Kwell's eor])s, which was ca]ilnrc(l at tlic battle of Sailor's Creek, April li. 1SII5. At the close of the war he returned to South Carolina, and in 1S65 was chosen president of the Slate Senate. He was judge of the Circuit Court from 1877 till 1893, and was then appointed postmaster of Camden, an olllce which he held until his death. KERTBENY, kcrt'bil-ny', K.viiL II.Ri. (real name, iiEXKHin) (1824-82). An Hungarian au- thor. He was born at Pesth, and, after the age of twenty, traveled considerably aliroad. visiting numerous cities of Central and Western F.uro]H', where many of his literary works were written. His Gorman translations of Hungarian poets, such as Arany. Petijfi, .Jokai, and Viirosmarty, are widely known. KERTCH, kerch. A fortified seaport in the Government of Taurida, Russia, situated at the foot of a hill on the eastern extremity of the Crimea, known as Kertch Peninsula (Map: Rus- sia, E 5). It is regularly built, with wide streets and houses mostly of stone. Its oldest building is the Church of Saint .John the Hajitist, built in Byzantine style and dating, according to an in- scription on one of its pillars, from ..I). 717. Tn the vicinity of the (own are a number of ancient motmds, which have yielded numerous relics, most of which are now in the Hermitage at Saint Petersburg. The catacombs in the vicin- ity of Kertch contain many ancient inscriptions on their walls. The cliief manufacturing estab- lishments of Kertch are flour-mills and tobacco and soap factories. One of the most important ports of the Crimea until 1855, Kertch now re- tains only a small portion of its former com- mercial importance. It has a good harbor and its position on the straits connecting the Black Sea with the Sea of Azov is very favorable com- mercially. The herring fisheries are of some im- portance, and fish is one of the chief articles of trade. Kertch is a popular bathing resort. Pop- ulation, in l.S!)7. 211.000. Kertch (xcupies the site of the ancient Panticapaeum, a colony of Miletus and later the capital of the Kingdom of Bospo- rus. It fell in the thirteenth century into the hands of the Tatars, who ceded it to the Genoese in 1318. when it became known as Cerchio. The Turks took it at the end of the fifteenth cen- tury, and the Ivussians in 1773. In 1855 it was completely destroyed by the allied armies, but was soon rebuilt. KERVILER, kar've'lAr', REN't Pocard (1842 — ). A French civil engineer and author. He was born at Vannes, was cducatid at the Poly- technic School, and in 18()(i (lualilied as a bridge and roadway engineer. He won reputation by the construction of the Pcnhouct basin at Saint Nazaire. He was also ilistinguislied for his liter- ary work, and es])ecially by monogra])lis about inliabitants of Brittany who attained distinc- tion. His works include: Qiicsliuiix controver- sies dc I'hisloire et de la science (1880-84), and J'echcrchc.i et notices sur Ics deputes dc la Ure- ta(Jlir illl.r i:i<ils-<!rii, niii.r (ISSS-SII). KERVYN DE LETTENHOVE, ker-vin' de let'ten-ho've, Fr. pron. kar'vaN', ■JosEi-ii iMakie Bruno Constantin (1817-91). A Belgian his- torian, born in Saint-Michel, Flanders. He was a Catholic member of the Belgian Chamber of Deputies and Minister of Public Instruction (1870-71), correspondent of foreign scientilic societies, and iircemincnt in his own country as an investigator of the national anti(iuities. He made translations of some of Jlillon's shorter poems (1839), published two volumes of Frois- sart (1858), and edited the Ijctlres et negocia- tions de I'liilippc dc Vonimines (1867), but is more specially remembered for his Uistoirc dc la Flandre (1847-50) ; Jacques d'Artceeldc (1803) ; Ilistoire et croni<iues dc Flandre (1879-80) ; Re- lations politif/iics dcs I'ays-Has et de I'Angletcrre (1882-87); l^s Hin/neiiots ct Ics gueu-x (1883- 80) ; and Marie Htuart (1889). KES'SEL, Van. A Flemish family of paint- ers, all born in Antwerp, the earliest of whom was .Iekoom (1578-0.1030). jiortrait, animal, and still-life painter, pujiil of Cornclis I'loris. He worked from about 1000 in various cities of Ger- many (Frankfort, Augsburg, Strassliurg, and Co- logne), chielly painting jiortraits, and before 1022 appears .settled again at Antwerp as the son-in- law of .Jan Brcugiiel (Velvet Breughel), in whose landscapes ho supplied tlic animals. — His son JaX, the elder (U>20-'79), painted landsca|)cs, (lowers, fniit, and animals, was a pupil of Simon de Vos and of .Ian Breughel, and accompanied his son J.x, the younger, to Madrid. The Museum there has a "Garland Around Infant .lesus and Saint John" (figures by Van Thulden), and forty small pictures with animals by him. A "Concert of Birds" is in the Antwerp Museum: "Boar-Hunt," "Combat Between Bear and Snake." "Landscape with Birds," and "Landscape with Fable of Stork and Fox," are in the Vienna Museum: others in the Louvre, Paris; the Ulllzi Gallery, Florence, and in the museums at The Hague, Brunswick, Stuttgart, Nuremberg, Stockholm, and elsewhere. —His son and pupil Ferdinand (1648-90) paint- ed similar subjects in a kindred manner, but also attempted large historical subjects by order of King .Tohn Sobieski of Poland, for whom be ex- ecuted, moreover, "The Four Klemcnts" and "The Four Continents," and after both perished in the tlamcs, repeated them on a larger scale. About 1088 he settled at Breda, where he did some decorative work in the palace of King William III. — Jan. the younger (1654-1708). also son and pupil of Jan. the elder, went to Madrid in 1080
