KEYSEB. 469 KHABTJB. dendommen (1841) ; Den norske Kirkes Uiatorie under KathoUcismen (1856-58) ; and the posthu- mous works, Efterladte Skrifter (1805-67) and Xorges Historie (1865-70). KEYSEB, NicAisE de (1813-87). A Belgian historical painter, born at Sandvliet, near Ant- werp. He studied at the Academy of Antwerp, under .Jacobs and Van Br^e. He attracted atten- tion with his first picture, "Crucifixion" (1834). The "Battle of the Spurs, 1302" (1836; museum at Courtrai), and "Battle of Worringen, 1288" (1839; New Mixseum, Brussels), are distin- guished for lofty conception, rare skill in depict- ing the turmoil of battle, correct drawing, and luminous coloring. They were followed by his- torical genre scenes, treated with subtle refine- ment, such as: "Emperor Maximilian Visiting Memling's Studio;" "The Giaour" and "Death of Maria de' Medici" (both 1845, and in the Na- tional Gallery, Berlin) ; "Columbus and His Son Leaving Barcelona" (1852) ; "Court of Lorenzo de' Medici" (1870); "Charles V. Liberating Christian Slaves in Tunis" (1873; New Museum, Amsterdam) ; "Francis I. in the Studio of Ben- venuto Cellini" (Fodor Museum, Amsterdam). Having formerly modeled his style after the great masters of the Netherlands, he showed in his later period a tendency to follow the modern French school. An example of this kind is the "Massacre of the Innocents" ( Museum at Ghent) . He also painted good portraits, and in 1864-66 adorned the staircase of the Old Museum in iVnt- werp with groups of Belgian artists. In 1855 he was appointed director of the Academy at Ant- werp. KEYSEB, Peter Dirck (1835—). An Ameri- can oculist. He was born in Philadelphia, of Dutch ancestry; attended Delaware College, and studied chemistrj' under Genth, and served for a year as captain of volunteers in the Civil War, but by his poor health was forced to resign. He spent two years at Munich, Berlin, and .Jena, and in 1864 again entered the Federal Army as assistant surgeon. At the close of the war he be- came connected with the Philadelphia Eye and Ear Infirmary. His earlier works were on chem- istry; later he published Report on Operations for Cataract (1874), and other valuable papers in the same field. KEYSEB, TiiEonoRE, or Thomas (c.l596- 1667). A Dutch painter, born at Amsterdam. He was the son, or perhaps the nephew, of Hen- drik Keyser, and probably the pupil of Cornelius van der Vnort. He was at the height of his fame when Rembrandt came to Amsterdam in 1631, and he decidedly influenced the formation of Rembrandt's style. His masterpiece, the "Burgomasters of Amsterdam Discussing the Ar- rival of Marie de' ^Medici/' is in The Hague Mu- seum. This noble picture places him among the first of the Dutch painters. Other works are in the same museum, in Berlin, Frankfort, Vienna, Copenhagen, and throughout Holland. KEYSTONE. A term used in architecture to designate the central stone of an arch or vault, placed directly at the crown, which, being made wider at the top than at the bottom, acts like a ■wedge, and thus keys the entire structure. It ia a particular kind of roussoir (q.v.). KEYSTONE STATE. Pennsylvania. States, Popular Names of. See KEY WEST. A city, port of entry, and the county-seat of Monroe County, Fla., 90 miles north by east of Havana, Cuba (Map: Florida, C 5). It is at the southern extremity of the United States, on Key West Island, the most westerly of the group of Florida Keys. The fine deep harbor is defended by Fort Taylor, situated on an artificial island at the main entrance. Im- proved fortifications have recently been con- structed at a cost of $1,000,000. There are two lighthouses, afifording a safe guide to the harbor. The city is on the line of a number of steamship routes to American and West Indian ports, and railroad connections for the north are made at Port Tampa and Miami. It is a beauti- ful place, with broad streets, attractive houses, and tropical gardens, and its pure air and mild climate have made it a popular winter and healtli resort. Key West is an important United States naval station, with machine-shops, dock, marine railway, marine hospital, barracks, etc. Among other features of interest are the county court- house and park. United States custom-house and post-office, city hall, a convent, a Methodist semi- nary, a public library, and the Eastern and West- ern Martello towers. The leading industry is the manufacture of cigars, which is very exten- sive, and is carried on mostly by Cubans. Sponge fishing is also of importance, and the frequent shipwrecks on the islands offer opportunity for a profitable wrecking business. There is a con- siderable trade in cigars, sponges, turtles, fish, salt, fruit, vegetables, etc. The annual value of the commerce is about $1,900,000, of which $5,50,- 000 is in imports. Under a charter of 1S93 the government is vested in a mayor, annually elect- ed, and a council. The water-works are owTied and operated by the municipality. Key West was settled in 1822, and though unimportant for many years, it was in 1890 the largest city in the State, and now ranks third, Jacksonville and Pensacola leading. It was chartered as a city in 1832. Kej' West became of great importance to the Federal Government during the Civil War, and in the war with Spain in 1808 was the rendezvous of the North Atlantic Squadron of the Ignited States Naw. Population, in 1890, 18,080; in 1900, 17.114." KHABABOVSK. KabiV-rftfsk' formerlv KHABAEOVKA, Ka'birofki. Tlie capital of a district in the Territory of Primorsk. Sil)eria, situated at the confluence of the Ussuri with the Amur (Jlap: Asia, N 4). It is the seat of the Governor-General of Amur, and has a railway school, and ethnographical museum, a Chinese temple, and a public garden with a monument to Count Muravieff. As a terminal of the Ussuri branch of the Trans-Siberian Railway. Khaba- rovsk is a place of some commercial importance, and carries on a large trade in sables. The town was founded in 1858 as a military station, and named after the Cossack Khabaroff, one of the conquerors of Eastern Siberia. It was raised to the rank of a town in 1880. Population, in 1897, 14,932. including a number of Chinese. KHABUB, Ki-br5jr'. A river of .siatic Tur- key. It rises among the Karajah Mountains, in the Vilayet of Diarbekir, south of the sources of the Tigris, and flows for about 200 miles in a ffcneral southerly direction until it joins the Euphrates at Kerkisiah (Map: Turkey in Asia, J 5). It is identified by some authorities
