KHODAVENDIKYAB. 475 KHOSASAN. population is estimated at over 1,000,000, of whom a little uioic than 300,000 are Aruituiaus. The cupilal is iJrusa (q.v.). KHCDJEND, Kojent', or KHOJENB. The capital of a distiict oi the saiiic naitie in the Xenitory of .Samarkand. Asiatic Itussia, situated on the Central Asiatic Kailway, about 93 miles south of Tashkent (Map: Asia, Central, L 1). tiaideninj;. vine-growing, and the manufacture of silk and cotton goods are carried on. There is a brisk trade in leather, cotton, and raisins, population, in 18!)", 30,076. Khodjend is one of the most ancient cities of Central Asia; Alexan- der the (Jreat sojourned here for a time. It be- came Russian in 18UG. KHOI, Koi. A town in the extreme northwest- ern part of Persia, situated about 75 miles north- west of Tabriz, on the caravan route between that city and Erzerum (Map: Persia, A 2). It lies in a fertile and well-cultivated region. It has wide and regular streets shaded by trees and in- teisected l>v several canals. The bazaars are built of brick and well stocked, and the town has a large caravanserai. Population, estimated at from 20.000 to 30.000, including a number of Armenians. KHOIKHOINj'it'lKji'k'hoin'. See Hotten- tots. KHOJEND, K6-jent'. A city of Asiatic llus- sia. Sec Kiiodjexd. KHOKAND, Kokand'. A territory of Tur- kestan. See Fergiiax.. KHOKAND. The capital of a district in the Territory of Ferghana. Asiatic Russia, and former caiiital of the Khanate of Khokand (Map: Asia, Central, Ml). It is situated on a small .stream about eight miles south of the Syr Darya, on the Central- Asiatic Railway. It is surrounded by thick walls, and is for the most part built in the Oriental fashion. The European portion is more regularly laid out Khokand is the seat of a considerable transit trade in Russian raanufac- turi s. Population, in ISO", 82,054. KHOLM, Kfilni (Vo}. Chelm). The capital of a district of the same name in the Government of Lublin. Russian Poland, about 45 miles east of Lublin (Map: Russia. B 4). It has a fine cathe- dral, an old castle, a theological and a teachers' seminarv, and n railway school. Population, in 1897. 19.230. KHOLMOGORY, Kol'm6-go'r#. The capital of a district of the .same name in the Govern- ment of Archangel. European Russia, situated 47 miles southeast of Archangel, on an island of the Northern l>ina (Map: Russia, F 2). It was of some commercial importance in the palmy days of the ^^^lite Sea trade, but is now in a state of decline. Peter the Great, on his return from his travels, brought to Kholmogory several specimens of the Dutch breed of cattle, by means of which the natives so improved their own that the Kholmog<ir>- breed is now considered one of the best in Russia, and is well known abroad. The 'father of Russian literature.' LomonossofT, was bom in the little village Denisovka. in the vicinity of the town. Population, in 1897, 1112. KHOMYAKOFF, Ko'm>Tl-kof'. .Vijcksey Ste- p.xoviTCii (1804-00). A famous Russian Slavo- phile poet and publiiist. born in ^foscow. .fter serving in the Turkish campaign of 182S-20 he retired to devote himself to literature. In 1832 Vol. Xt.— :u. appeared his drama in verse, Yermak, followed by another, I'seuiio-Dtinetrius (1833); his lyric J'oems were published in 1844. Strongly imagina- tive, felicitous in diction, endowed with a poetic gift of a high order, he is "drunk with patriotism.' To him Russia is the ideal country of the world. In his historical, philosophical, and theological works he emleavored to prove that 'the rotten West' (Romano-Germanic world) had come to >ield its place in history to the Panslavic world, with RiLssia in the lead. These Panslavic ideas were embodied in .1 Message from Moscow to the >Scrviuns (Lci|)7.ig, 1800). He wrote in Russian, French. German, and English. His collected works appeared in Moscow (1861) in four vol- umes. KHONDS, k'hondz, or Kus. A Dravidian peo- ple who inhabit part of Orissa and the adjacent regions of Bengal, and number more than half a million : but have never reached civilization like the Tamils, Telugus, Kanarcse, ilalayalim, etc. Physically the Khonds are below the average in stature, somewhat darker than their neigh- bors, comparatively well built and well muscled, and have always been in more or less demand as soldiers. They are credited with great hospi- tality, sense of honor, morality above the average, etc. They were formerly noted for their .sacri- fices of human beings to the earth-deity, and their capture marriage, of which now only the shadow remains. Among them all the great reli- gions of India, besides missionary Christianity, have obtained a hold, while the older heathenism is still a force to be reckoned with. They are a very interesting tyjK' of the primitive, as con- trasted with the civilized, Dravidian. Captain Cam])lx'll, who learned to know them well dur- ing a long residence in their country, has, in his A Fersoiial yarratii-e of Thirteen Years' Service Among the iVilil Tribes of Khondistan (London, 1864), given a. good account of this people. Other information of an anthropological and eth- nological sort will be found in Lewin, ^Viid liaces of Southeastern India (London, 1870); Dalton, Descriptive Ethnologi/ of Bengal (Calcutta, 1872) : Ro>vney, The'wild Tribes of India (Lon- don. 1882) ; Rficlus, Primitive Folk (Xew York, 1891). KHONS, konz, or KHONSU. See Cuo.vs. KHORASAN, Koras-in'. 'the land of tho sun.'. A northeastern province of Persia, border- ing on the Russian Trans-Caspian Territory' on the northeast and Afghanistan on the east (Map: Persia, F 3). Area, estimated at 121.000 square miles. A large portion of it consists of the deserts of Lut in the south and Kavir in the west, interspersed with numerous oases. The agricultural land is situated ehielly in the north- ern part. The climate is on the whole temperate and healthful: but the scarcity of w:itcr makes agriculture impossible without artificial irriga- tion. Grain and southern fruits are cultivated to some extent, and cattle are raised. In the cities the manufacturing of silk and woolen materials, carpets, shawls, and arms is pursued. The population is estimated at about 840.000, consisting of numerous nomadic tribes of Turk- ish. Kurdish, and Afghan descent, whose chief occupation is grazing. The trade has hitherto been carried chiefly by the road which leads from Meshed, the capital of the province, to the Cas- pian Sen. by way of Astrabad. In ancient times Khora'san consisted of the districts of Parthia,
