KILIAN. 489 KILLEN. Gosbcrt to separate from her, he was murdered at her instigation, during the absence of Gosbert, July 8, 697, together with both his fellow-mis- sionaries. The work which Kilian commenced was completed some years later by Boniface and his fellow-missionaries. KILIMANJARO, kill-man-jU'nV A volcanic mountain iii llir northern part of German East Africa, the highest elevation of the continent, sit- uated in latitude 3^ 6' South, longitude 37° 23' East, about midway between the Indian Ocean and the Victoria Nyanza (Map: Africa, H 5). It rises abruptly from the .surrounding phiin. and culminates in the two peaks of Kibo and Kima- wensi. The scut>iern slope of the mountain rises in terraces, and is well watered and covered in the lower part with rich vegetation. The north- ern slope, on the other hand, rises abruptly. The inhabited portion lies below 6000 feet and pro- duces an abundance of tropical fruits. Vegetation ceases entirely at 14,000 feet above the sea. The peak of Kibo, with an altitude of 19,500 feet (or, according to another measurement, a little over 20,000 feet ) , has a crater over 6000 feet in circum- ference and 600 feet deep, with its walls covered with ice in the northern part. The peak of Kima- wensi is 17,500 feet high, and. like Kibo. is cov- ered with perpetual snow. Kilimanjaro has been visited by many explorers, Hans Jleyer in 1889 being the first to ascend the peak of Kibo. Con- sult: Johnstone, An Expedition to Kilimanjaro (London. 1893) : Meyer, Ostafriknnische Glet- scherfahrten (Leipzig, 1893). K'l-LIN, ke'lln'. or CH'I-LIN, sometimes Ki-LiN, in Japanese KiBix. The Chinese uni- corn. One of the four supernaturally endowed creatures of Chinese aud Japanese tradition. K'i is the male and /i» the female. The appearance of this fabulous animal on the earth is regarded as a happy portent, presaging the advent of good government. It lives to the age of 1000 years, is the noblest form of the animal creation, the emblem of perfect good, and is supposed to be the incarnated essence of the five primordial ele- ments — water, fire, wood, metal, and earth. The k'i-lin occupies a prominent place in Chinese and Japanese art. It is usually pictured with the body and slender legs of a deer, the tail of an ox, and with a single soft horn projecting from its forehead. It is said to tread so lightly as to leave no footprints, and so carefully as to crush no living thing. Confucius closes his brief history of his owti State of Loo with a record of the advent of the K'i-lin and Phtenix. In the form Ki/lin the name is often erroneously applied by writers on ceramics to lions, or to the lion- like, grotesque creatures with which the Chinese fill in rocky landscapes, etc. KILKENTilY. An inland county of the Province of J,oinster. Ireland, bounded south by Waterford (Map: Ireland. D 4). It.s area is 796 square miles. The principal industries are connected with coal-mining and agriculture. The soil is fertile in the valleys. The capital is the city of Kilkenny (q.v. ). Ca.stlecomer is the centre of the coal district. Population, in 1841, 202,- 750: in 1900. 78,800, KILKENNY (Gael., 'Church of Saint Kenny, or Canirp'i. The capital of the County of Kil- kenny, Ireland, and itself a civic county, situated on the Xore, 73 miles south -southwest of Dublin by rail (Map: Ireland, D 4). The city owes its origin to the cathedral church of the Diocese of Ossorj', which dates from the twelfth century. The Anglican Cathedral of .Saint Canice dates from 1052; the partially restored abbey Church of Saint John's, called the 'Black Abbey,' is one of the few ancient Irish churches now in actual occupation for the religious use of Roman Catholics. The College or Grammar School of Kilkenny was founded in the sixteenth century. Here Swift, Congreve, and Berkeley were edu- cated. Saint Kyran's College is an educational establishment for the Roman Catholics, and i.s interesting as one of the first opened by them after the repeal of tile law which made Catholic education penal in the country. From the time of the invasion, Kilkenny was a strong .seat of the English power, its picturesque castle dating from the time of William, Earl of Pembroke, in 1195, Kilkenny has manufacturing establishments of blankets and coarse woolen and linen cloths, although of late they have much declined. There are large marble-works and a large and active provision trade, the chief outlet of which is Waterford. with which Kilkenny is connected both by river and by rail. The town returns one member to the British Parliament. During the Civil War Kilkenny sided with the King, and after .a years siege honorably capitulated to Cromwell in 1650. Swift's satire of the "Kil- kenny Cats," which fought till their tails alone were left, illustrates the disputes on boundaries and rights between Kilkenny and Irishtown in the seventeenth century, which were maintained until both towns became bankrupt. Population, in 1891, 11,048: in 1901. 10,493. Con.sult Healv, Tlistory of Kill;. , ,1111 (Kilkenny, 1893). KILLARNEY, klllar'ni. A parish and mar- ket town of County Kerry, Munster. Ireland, situ- ated I'l. miles from the lower Killamey Lake, 16 miles southeast of Tralee, and 46 miles west- northwest of Cork (ilap: Ireland, B 4). It ha.s an imposing Roman Catholic cathedral, a Domini- can friary, a nunnery, a school of arts and crafts, and in spring and summer is visited by crowds of tourists, attracted by the beauty of the surround- ing scenery. Population, 5500. KILLARNEY, Lakes ok. Three connected lakes near the centre of County Kerry, Ireland (Map: Ireland, B 4). The uppeV lake is two and one-half miles long, three-fourths of a mile broad, and contains several islands. It is connecied by Long Range River, three miles long, with the middle lake, which is two miles long by one mile broad. The lower lake, with about thirty islands, is five miles long by three broad. They are fed by the River Flesk and many smaller streams; the main outlet is the Laune." They are favorite summer resorts, annually visited by thousands of tourists for their varied and beautiful scenery, which is heightened by the rich colorings of the shores, the graceful outlines of the surrounding mountains (the loftiest in Ireland!, and the in- teresting ruins of the fifteenth-century Ross Castle. Muekross Abbey, and other antiquarian remains. Consult Ballantyne, The Lakes of Kil- larnrii (London, 1859), KIL'LEN, William Dool (ISOfi— ). An Irish educator and author. He was born in An- trim, was educated at Belfast, and in 1829 was ordained a minister of the Irish Presbyterian Church. During his career as an educator he was chiefly identified with the Presbyterian College-
