KINGSLEY. 511 KING-SNAXE. ing. With almost equal fervor he studied social questions, relifrion, and zoology. He was a Chris- tian as ardently as he nas an admirer of Darwin and Huxley and their science. Darwin and theol- ogy seemed to him compatible. Kingsley's health began to fail about 1803. In 1874 he visited the United States in search of health. He died at Eversky, January 23, 1875, and was buried there. Consult: The Chester edition of the Works, ed. by his son, Maurice Kingsley (London, 14 vols., 1000) ; and Letters and Memories by his wife (1877: condensed. 1883); Jhe Life and Works of Charles Kingsley ( 19 vols., Xew York, 1902). KINGSLEY, Hexby (18.30-7G). An English novelist, the brother of Charles Kingsley. born at Carnack. Xorthamptonshire. From King's College, London, he went to Oxford, biit at the age of twenty-three left without graduating to seek his fortane in the gold-fields of Australia. He did not fiud it directly during his five years' quest, but indirectly through his novel, Geoffrey Hamli/n (1850), dealing with. colonial life, which he published on liis return. While editor of the Edinburgh Daily lieriew he was also its corre- spondent during the Franco-Prussian War, and was credited with being the first Englislmian to get into Sedan after its fall (1870). His prin- cipal works aie: I'aienshne i 1802), Austin Elliot ( 1803) , The IJillyars and Burtons ( 18G5) , Leigh- ton Court (1800), tiikoie of Hilcotes (1807), Mademoiselle ilathilde {ISdS) , Stretton (1869), Old Margaret (1871), The Harreys (1872), Rcqinald Hethercge (1874), y umber Seventeen (1875), The Grange Garden (1876), and Fire- side Studies (1876). KINGSLEY, James Luce (1778-18.52). An American scholar, born in Scotland. Conn. He graduated at Yale in 1799, two years afterwards became a tutor, and in 1805 was appointed first professor of ancient languages at Yale. He re- mained in this position until 1831, after which he was professor of Latin (emeritus in 1851), imtil his death. He was master of an elegant style in Latin and in English, and was well versed in American historj'. He delivered the address on the two hundredth anniversary of the settle- ment of Xew Haven (1838) and wrote a brief History of Yale College (1835) and (in Sparks's Amrriean Biography) a life of Ezra Stiles, president of Y'ale College. Consult the memorial addresses by T. D. Woolsey and T. A. Thacher. and sketches of his life by D. C. Gil- man. — His son, Henby C. Kixgsley (Yale, 1843), w.T* treasurer of Yale College in 1802-80: and a younger son, William L. Kingsley (Yale, 1843), was bing the editor of the Xeie Englander, until his deatli in 1896. KINGSLEY, Joh:t Sterli:jo (1854—). An American zoijlogist and teacher. He was born at Cineinnatus, X. Y. He graduated F,t Williams College in 1875. and obtained his doctorate from Princeton in 1885. From 1S87 to 1889 he was professor of zoiilogp in the Universitv of Indiana, from 1889 to 1891 in the University "of Xebraska, in 1892 was made professor of zoology at Tufts College. In 1880-96 he was one of the' editors of the American yoturalist. He edited the Stand- ard Xatural History (0 vols., 1886) and wrote The yaturalist's Assistant (1882). The Embry- ology of Limulus (1893), Elements of Compara- tive Zoology (1897), Text-Book of Vertebrate Zo- ology (1899); translated and edited Hertwig's Manual of Zoology (1902). KINGSLEY, Miss Maby U. (1862-1900). Aa English traveler and author. She was the daughter of George Henrj' Kingsley (1827-92), and niece of Charles Kingsley. She was born at Islington, London, in October, 1862. When a mere girl she became interested in science, and later studied Darwin, HiLxley, Lubbock, and other scientists. In 1893 .she went to Saint Paul de Loanda, in Portuguese West Africa, to .study biology, ami returned the next year, after encoun- tering many difiiculties and tr.aveling through 1-arts of the country known only to the natives. In the latter part of 1890 she returned to Africa for the purpose of exploring the lower X'iger region and studying its flora. In the elephant and gorilla countries .she had several narrow escapes, traveling frequently up the rivers and through the bush with only native attendants. She traveled through the Xiger Coast Protecto- rate, Kamerun, and Gabim. The results of her journeys were published in the exceedingly in- teresting Travels in West Africa ( 1897 ) and West African Studies (1899). Early in 1900 she went to South Africa, and was attached to the military hospital at Simons Town,» where, after nursing sick Boer prisoners, she fell ill and died, June 3^ 1900. KING'S LYNN. A seaport of England. See Ly.xx Regis. KING'S MOUNTAIN. Battle or. A battle fought on October 7, 1780, during the Revolu- tiunary War, between an English and Loyali.st force of 1125 imder Lieutenant-Colonel Ferguson and about 1000 Georgia, Xorth Carolina, and South Carolina backwoodsmen under William Campbell, James Williams, Benjamin Cleveland, Isaac Shelby, and John Sevier. King's Mcmntain is a ridge about one mile long, ri>ing 100 feet above the surrounding country, just within the limits of South Carolina, about 30 miles west- southwest of Charlotte, X. C. Here Ferguson, hard pressed by the infuriated militia, intrenched himself and was soon afterwards att.acked with the greatest gallantry by the Americans. The en- gagement lasted for about an hour, and the Eng- lish, whose commander was mortally wounded, were finally forced to surrender, after having lost more than 400 killed, wounded, and missing. The Americans lost 28 killed and 00 wounded. This victory, besides demonstrating the fighting capacity of the backwoodsmen, forced Cornwallis to postpone for a time his invasion of Xorth Carolina, Consult Drajier, King's Mountain and lis Heroes I Cincinnati. 1881). KING-SNAKE. ( 1 ) The name in the United States of a variety of snakes believed to make war successfully on the rattlesnake and copper- head. The snake most tisually meant by it in the X'orthern and Middle States is the chain- snake (i|.v. I, but the whole of the genus Ophio- bolus is ])roperly so designated, and pi^rliaiis more generally than as 'chain-snakes.' They sometimes reach 10 feet in length, and undoubtedly do occa- sionally attack and eat the poisonous as well as some other snakes. The 'king-snake' of the Soitth is more commonly Osceola doliata. the ana- logue of the Xorthern milk-snake (q.v. ) ; and the
