KXEIN. 538 KLEMM. etchings, more than 350 in number, dealing in part with military sulijoets, are the most meri- torious part of his work. His thorough knowl- edge and excellent rendering of the nature of ani- mals, especially of the horse, are also noteworthy. Of his paintings the Old Pinakothek in Munich has a "Xiew on the Tiber Near Rome" (1822) ; the National Gallery in Berlin. "Hungarian Car- ters" (1S28). "W'allacliian Freight Wagon" (1820), and "Animal Tamers liy*a Itavarian Inn" (1830); the Jluseum at Kiinigsljcrg, "Walloon Wagoners" (1834). Consult Jahn, Das ^Yerk des Johunn Adam Klein (Munich, 1803). KLEIN, .Julius Leopouo (1804-70). An Aus- trian dianiiitist and literary historian, born at Miskolcz. Hungarj-. He was educated at Vienna and Berlin, where he studied medicine. He did not practice, however, but devoted liiniself instead to the production of plays, such as the histoiical tragedies. Maria von Medici (1841), L%incs (1842), Zenohia (1847), Morcto (183!)), Maria (1800), Htraijord (1802), Voltaire (1802). and Heliodora ( 1807) , and the comeilies Die Uer::ogin (1848) and FAn Schiitzling (1850). He died before the cuniplction of his greatest work, Geschirhtc dcs Dramas (13 vols., 1S(>5-7C), the most exhaustive that had yet apiK'ared upon the evolution of the drama from Greece and Rome to Spain. Italy, and England. KLEINERT, kli'nert, P.rL (1S37-). A German theologian. He was born at Vielgutli, in Silesia. From 1854 to 1857 he studied at the tmiversities of Breslau and Halle. In 1801 he became deacon and teacher of religion at the grammar school at Oppeln. In 1804 he went to Berlin, where he was for some time teacher at a grammar school and lecturer at the university. He was appointed in 1S77 extraordi- nary professor of the Old Testament and of practical theology at the University of Berlin, having iireviously been nominated member of the Brandenl)urg Consistory. Kleinert published: Obad/ah-Zeiihanjah irissenschriftlich uiid fiir drn Gebraiich der Kirche dargestelU (2d ed. 1803; Eng. trans, in the American ed. of SclialT. vol. The Minor Prophets. 1874) ; Dns Druteronomium itnd die Deulerononiiker (1872) ; I'litersiichiinfien eur alttestanirntlichen I'echlx- iind lAtteratur- geschichte (1872); Abriss der Hinleltiinff znm Alten Testament in TaheUcnform (1878); .46- handlunfren ci/r christlieheit Kulttis- vnd Kiillitr- gesehichte (1889) ; and Der preussisehe Afieiidtii- entunrf (1894). In 1892 he was appointed coun- selor-in-chief of the Consistory for Prussia. KLEIST. kllst, Ew'.i.n rnRisTiAX vox (1715- 59). A German poet, born at Zeblin, near Kiis- lin. in Pomerania, and educated at Kiinigsberg. He entered the Danish army in 1730. but four years afterwards was appointed a lieutenant in the Prussian service. Soon after, he became acquainted with Gleim. Avho encouraged him in his poetic attempts, and in 1749 with Ramler. who did much to cultivate his style. In the first Silesian war he advanced rapidly; he became major in 1757 and two years later was fatally ■wounded at Kunersdorf. While stationed at l.<"ip- zig Kleist made the acquaintance of Lessing. and a very close friendship sprang up between the two men. The character of Von Tellheim in Lessing's ^fitinn ro)< linrnhebn is ^iipposed to have been modeled on that of Klei«t. whose death deeply affected Lessing. His style was simple and cor- rect, and his treatment of nature beautiful and fresh. His best work was Der FrUhlintj (1749). He published two editions of his Uediehte (1750- 58) ; antl Ramler edited his complete works ( 1700) . The best edition is by Saner ( 1880-82) . Consult Chuquet. De Eiealdi Kleistii Mta ct Heriplis (Paris, 1887). KLEIST, Heixrkii vox (1777-1811). A Ger- man dramatist, born in Frankfort-on-the-Odcr. October IS. 1777, the son of a Prussian ollicer. l^ft an orphan at eleven, he entered the army at sixteen, studied law, obtained a civil post which he lost after the battle of .Jena (1800), and during the next five years, in an environment of literary indifVercnce and national disgrace, pro- tluced several dramas of great merit and greater ])romise, the realization of which he denied him- self and (Jermany by killing Henriette A og(d, tlic wife of a Berlin merchant, and himself, by a mu- tual agreement. The tragedy took place at Wann- see. near Potsdam, Xoveniber 21. 1811. Kleist's dramas still hold the stage. Der ::erbruchc)ie Kniii (1811), portraying German village life, is re- garded by many as the best one-act comedy in Germany. Xoteworthy also are his tragedies, Die Vamilie Sehrofjenslein (1803), Ampliitryon (1807). I'entesilea (1808), and the posthumously printed I'rinz von Ilombiirri, the romantic drama Kiithchen ron Heilbronn (1810), and the patri- otic Ihmiaunssehlaeht. Kleist wrote also a volume of Er^ihhmgen (1810-11). among them the masterly stoiy Michael Knhlhaas : a few unimportant poems, and parts of another trag- edy, Robert Oiiiseard. Kleist's fame ri])ened slowly. Ilis Tro)7.-.s were first collected incom- pletely, in 3 vols. (Berlin. 1820). There are several modern editions. His letters have been edited by Biilow (Berlin. 1848), Koberstein ( ib., 1800), and Biedermann (Breslau. 1888). Con- sult: Wllbr:uidt. Tlrinrich von Kleist (Xiird- lingen, 1803) ; Zolling, Ileiiirich von Kleist in der Schiceiz (1882): Brahm. lleinrich ron Kleist (3d ed., Berlin. 1802) ; and Lloyd and Xewton, I'russia's Itrpre^entativr Men (London, 1875). KLEIST VON NOLLENDORF, fin n.M'lni- dorf. FiuKDRicu Hkixkicii FERnix.XD Emil, Count (1702-1823). A Prussian general. He was born in Berlin, acted as Court page, and in 1778 entered the army. He served as captain in the war with the French revolutionary government, and in 1803 had risen high in the King's favor, and was ]iromoted to adjutant-general. He seiTcd in the war with Russia (1812) as com- mander of the auxiliary French infantry. A year afterwards he served against France with the rank of lieutenant-general, and he distinguishe'd himself at Halle and Bautzen and was Prussian Plenipotentiary in the negotiation of the truce of Poischwitz. He fought at Dresden and Leip- zig and in 1814 was appointed general of infantiy and ipade a count. On his retirement in 1821 he was |iromoted to the rank of field-marshal. KLEMM, klPm, Fkiedrich GrsT.w (1802-07). A German culture historian, boi-n at Chem- nitz. • He studied at T^eipzig. and later went to Dresden, where he was appointed assistant and finally (1852) chief librarian at the Royal Li- brary. Among his publications are a flesrhiehte von liai/ern (1820) : Attiln nneh der flesehiehte. flnfie nnd Lepende (18271 : a Hnttdbiieh der (jer- iiianischrn Alterturnspntide (1835): Allfiemrine Knlturiri<isenschaft (1854-55); and Vor filnf^ig Jahrcn (1805).
