KOCHER. 574 KOEL. KOCHEK, kAG'er, Kmil Tiieodor (1841—). A Suiss surgi'on, l)oni at Born, lie was edu- cated there, and after study at Berlin, Paris, and London, became professor of surgery in the uni- versity of his native city, and director of the surgical clinic. His especial field was in opera- tion on tlio thyroid gland, and he first descrilied and studied ciiclwxia Un/rcoprirn (1S8.3). He wrote: Die ciniiscptische ^yundbeltandltl iig { 1881 ) ; Chirurriische Operalionslclire ('2d cd. 1894) ; Vorlesiingni iihci' cliirurffischc Infcktioiiskrnnl;- heiteii, with Tavel (1895) ; and, with Quervain, EncyhJopudie der Chirurgie (1901 sqq.). KOCHLY, keK'le, Hermann (1815-7G). A German philologist and educational reformer. He was born in Leipzig, was educated there, and in 1837 became teacher at Saalfeld, and three years afterwards at Dresden. He early publislied C'eiei" das Princip dcs Oymnas^ialunterrichts der Oepeiiicart (1845), and Ziir (li/Duwslalrcform (1840). The sclieme set forth in these panqililets stressed the natviral sciences, and, in Latin and Greek, urged emphasis on content rather than on grammar and style, and the gradual abolisliment of speaking and writing those languages. The plan was adopted in Saxony almost immediately. In February, 1849, Kiichly was elected to the Lower House of the Kingdom, but after taking part in the revolutionary struggle in May was forced to flee. He went to Brussels; in 1850 became professor at Zurich, and in 1864 at Heidelberg. He was a member of the Gennan Reichstag from 1871 to 1873. His contributions to classical philology were mainlj' on Greek poetry and militar' authors: Quintus Smyrmrus (1853); i/csio(/H.s' (1870) ; ArutKs. Manclliums, Maximi ct Alioriim Astrologicn ( 1851 ) ; Noniii Dionysiaca (1858) ; De lliadis Carminibus (1850- 59) ; Hindis Cnrmina AT/. (18(il) ; De Diversis Hesiodcw Thcogoniw Partibus (1800) ; De Odys- sece Carminibus (1802-03); (Irschichte des griechischen lyriegsicvsens (1852); Griechische Kriegsschriftsteller (1853-55); Einleiturig zu Oilsnrs Konimentnricn iiber den (Snllischrn Kricg (1857); and Oiujsiindri de Imperiituris O/jicio Liber (1H09). Consult Hug, Honnunn Kijchly (Ba.sel, 1878). KOCK, kok, Paul de (1794-1871). A popular French mivelist, son of a Dutch banker who was guillotined in the year of his son's liirth. Kock, born at Pas^-v, Jlay 21, 1794, began life as a banker's clerk, but at twcntj- lie entered upon the publication of melodramas and farces, from which he turned in Georgette (1820) to fiction, and achieved in Gustai'e le maiivais sujet (1821) a success which he extended in Frire Jacques (1822). Lc Barbier de Paris (1826; translated into many languages) ; Andre le Hnvoiiard (1824) ; and La laiticre de Montfcnneil (1827) ; Monsieur Diipont (1825); Tin Tourloiirou (1837) ; La femme, le mari et I'amant (1829) ; Le coou (1813) ; La pveelle de Belleville (1834), are typical of his work. Le monsieur (1842) marks the beginning of liis decline. Having writ- ten about one hiuidred volumes, he died in Paris, Au.gust 29, 1871. Though Kock tried a few his- torical romances, his books deal with the social sphere of shopgirls and clerks, and the demo- cratic bourgeoisie. The stories are full of obser- vation at first hand and of spicy lunnor. They are rather vulgar, but not immoral, demanding no literary triining and gratifying no delicate taste. They were extraordinarily jiopular. Paul de Kock is .seldom mentioned in the more conventional French histories of French literature. A 56- volume edition of tiis works came out in 1884. He has had imitators, among them his son Henri (1819-92), but no successor. An English trans- lation v:is liegun in 1903. Consult Trimm, La ric dr t'hnrUs Paul de Koek (Paris, 1873). KODAGU, ko-da'g«fT, or KXJDAGTJ. The ab- origines of the mountainous region of Coorg to the soutliwest of Jlysore in Scmlliwestern Hindu- stan. They form one of the minor |ieoples of the Dravidian stock. Their langruige is nearest to old Kanarese, but has borrowed from Tamil, Mahiyalim, etc. Physically the Kodagu are well- built, and sometimes even handsome. Consult: liichter. Manual of Coorjr (Mangalore, 1870) ; id., Lllinograpliic Compcndiuni (ib., 1887); Miigling and Veilhrecht, Das Kurglaiid vnd die crange- liselie Mis'^ion in Kurg (Basel, 1800). KOEHLER, ke'lOr, Robeht (1850—). An .Viiierican genre jiainter. liorn at Hamburg, and brought to this country at an early age. He studied at the National Academy under Professor Wilmarth, and at the Art Students' League in New York City, and afterwards was a pupil of Loeftz and Defregger at Munich. Among his works are "The Socialist," and "Her Only Sup- port." KOEHNE, ke'nc, Berniiard, Baron (1817- 80). A German antiquary, born in Berlin, and educated at Berlin and Leipzig. In 1845 he went to Saint Petersburg as curator of coins. There he edited Memoires de la societi d'arehcologie ct de numismatique de Haint Peters- bnurg (1847-52), containing the work he had begun in the Zeitschrift fiir Miin:-, Sicget- and WappenKunde on the arehrcology of the Middle Ages. His other writings include Beitriigc zur Geschichte vnd Archiiologie von Chersoncsus in Taurien (1848), and the splendidly illustrated' Description du musce du feu prince B. Kotchoubey (1857), which received a gold medal from the French Institute, and which is still a most im- portant work on the coins of the Crimea, the Bosporus, and Pontus. KOEKKOEK, kilok'kook, Barend Cornells (1803-02). A Dutch landscape painter. He was born at Jliddellnirg, Holland. October 11, 1803. He studied under his father, Jan Hermann Koek- koek (1778-1851), a marine painter, and at the Amsterdam Academy under Schelfliout and Van Oos. He was much influenced by the great mas- ters of the Barbison school, whom he knew per- sonally in Paris. His paintings show good tech- nique, and are harmonious in color. He took gold medals at Amsterdam in 1840, at the Paris Exposition in 1855, and at The Hague, and was the recipient of several orders, including the Legion of Honor. In 1841 he removed to Cleves, in Rhenish Prussia, where he founded an acad- emy of design, and died April 5, 1802. There are good examples of his landscapes in the mu- seums of .Xmstcrdam, Rotterdam, Antwerp, Ber- lin, Karlsruhe, and South Kensington (London), and also in the IMetropolitan Museum, New York, and several private collections of the United States. KOEL (Hind, koyal, kolcla, Prak. kocla, Skt, kfikila. cuckoo; onomatopoetic in origin). A cuckoo of the genus Eudynamis. Four species are known, two in the East Indian region, and
