LAKE. 702 LAKE DWELLINGS. bined with a partial removal of the barrier over wliieh the oullet Hows. JiiuMO(ii!.rjiY. Ueddie, Lake Region of Cen- tral Africa (London, 1881); Gilbert, "Topo- grapliic Features of Lake Shores," in United titates (jcologicul tSurrey t^ifth Annual licport (Washinfdun. 1885) ; Geikie, Manual uf (Jeoloyy (London, 18!)3) ; Russell, Lakes of Xorth Ameri- ca (Boston, 1894) ; Whipple, Clasxiliratiun of Lakes Accoriliny to Temperature (Boston, 1898) ; Tarr, Physical Ucoyraphy (New York, 1897); Davis, Physical Geography (Boston, 1900). LAKE, Gekakd, first Viscount of Delhi and Leswarree (1744-1808). An English general. He was born July 27, 1744; entered the army when only fourteen" years of age, and fouglit in tjie Seven Years' ar. lie served in . ieriea in 1781, under Lord Cornuallis: wilh the Uuke of York in Flanders (1793-94), aeciuitting liimself brilliantly at Lille; and as commandcr-in-eliief in Ireland, defeated the rebels at Wexford. .Time -21, 1798, and the French invading troops near Cloone. September S, 1798. From 1790 to 1802 he was member of Parliament for Aylesbury. In 1800 he went to India as eouimander-in-eliief and captured Delhi in 1803 by an adroit strategic movement. He also took Agra, and continued his successful campaisii by the decisive battles of Aligarh and Leswarree. defeating Sindhia, the Gwalior ruler, and gaining possession of all his ■dominions north of the Chumbul River. For his services General Lake was raised to the peerage, and after the campaign of 1804-05 against Hol- kar. Jlabarajah of Indore. he was created vis- count. He died in London, February 20, 1808. LAKE AGASSIZ, ag';i-se. The name given to an extinct lake that, during the late Glacial period, covered a large area in the Red River valley of Minnesota, Xorth Dakota, and Canada. Its former existence is nuidc known by deltas at the entrance of the inllowing rivers, and by well-marked shore-lines which can l)e traced for long distances with but slight variation in level. The investigations of I'pham and other geolo- gists indicate that the natural drainage toward the north was held back by the great ice-sheet, and that the lake discharged at the southern end through a channel 50 miles long into the Minne- sota River, and thence into the Mississippi. The lake, which in the period of its greatest expan- sion was larger than all the Great Lakes com- bined, disappeared when the ice melted sullicient- Iv to i)erniit the Red River to resume its course. The lake bed is now a jilain, covered with gla- cial till and silt and yielding its fertile soil to the growth of wheat." Consult: Upham. "The Glacial Lake Agassiz," in 17. H. Geological Swr- vey Monograph yo. 25 (Washington, 1895) ; id., "The Upper Beaches and Deltas of the Gla- cial Lake Agassiz," V. S. Geological fiurrry Bul- letin o. 39 (Washington, 1887). See Glacial Period. LAKE BONNEVILLE, bon'vil. A glacial lake which once occupied the basin of northwest- ern Itah. The shorelines still discernible along the inclosing mountain ranges show that it at- tained an area of nearly 20.000 square miles and a depth of 1000 feet. "During its second period of expansion, the lake w.aters overflowed to the north, draining into the Shoshone River and thus reaching the Pacific. Evaporation lowered the lake until only shallow bodies of salt water remain, of which Great Salt Lake (q.v.) is the largest. Consult Gilbert, "Lake Bonneville," U. »S'. Geoluyical Survey Monograph No. 1 (W'ashington, 1890). See Glacial Period. LAKE CARP. A carp-sucker (Carpiodcs Thonipsoni) . abundant in the Great Lakes. See C.VRP-SUCKEB. LAKE CHARLES. A city and the parish seat of Calcasieu Parish, La., 210 miles west of New Orleans; on the Calcasieu River, and on the Southern Pacific, the Kansas City, Watkins and Gulf, and other railroads (Map: Louisiana, B 3) . It is finely situated on Lake Charles, and has Acadia College, a Carnegie library, handsome court-house and ]niblie-school buildings, and a beautiful park. The commercial interests are important. There are extensive lumber and rice mills, and otiicr industries. Settled about 1850, Lake Cliarles was first incorporated in 1800, and in 1880 its limits were extended. Under a charter of the last date, the government is ad- ministered by a mayor, elected biennially, and a municipal council. Population, in 1890, 3442; in 1900, 0G80. LAKE CITY. A town and the county-seat of Columbia County, Fla,, liO miles west of .lackson- ville; on the Florida Central and Peninsular, the Georgia Southern and Florida, and other rail- roads (Map: Florida, V 1). The State Agricul- tural College, opened in 1884, and a Uiiiled States agricultunil experiment station, are situ- ated here. The town is in a cotton-growing sec- lion, and has an important trade in lumber, tur- pentine, phospFiates, etc. The State Legislature in 1901 granted to Lake City a new charter, ex- tending the niunioipal limits and thereby adding considerablv to the town's population, which is (1902) estimated at GOOO. Population, in 1890, 2020: in 1900, 4013. LAKE CITY. A city in Wabasha County, Minn., 57 miles southeast of Saint Paul; on the expansion of the Mississippi River known as Lake Pepin, and on the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul Railroad (Map: Minnesota. F C). It is a popular summer resort, and has a public libran-, and a fine school building, in which is a libraiy of 1000 volumes. There are grain- elevators. Hour-mills, wagon-works, a foundry, a pickling plant, and a nursery of 1200 acres. The water-works and electric light plant are owned bv the citv. Population, in 1890, 2128; in 1900, 2744, LAKE CUSK. A fish, the burbot (q.v.). LAKE DISTRICT. A picturesque region of mountain, lake, wood, and valley, in the counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland, England, It has been immortalized by the Lal:e School ( (j,v, ) of poets, and is visited annually by thousands of tourists. See Cumbrian Mountains. LAKE DWELLINGS. The name applied to human haliitations built usnally on founda- tions of piles or posts, but also constructed of trunks of trees, brush, earth or stone, and erected on the shallow borders of lakes, rivers, and other inland waters. In Switzerland they are tech- nically called palafiltes, in Italy terramarc. in Ireland and Scotland rrannogcs. and the German term is Pfahlbauten. or pile-structures. These structures abounded in Switzerland and adjacent parts of Germany, France, and Italy: but ac- counts and remains of such edifices occur else-
