LAMB. 717 LAMBERT. faulting clerk, and died in poverty. Consult Leake, Mtiiioir of the Life and Tiiius of (jciicrul Juhii Liiiiih (Albany, 1857). LAMB, ilARTHA .JoAXXA Eeaue Xa.sh ( 1829- 93). An American historian, born at Plainfield, Mass., August 13, 1829. Though born and brought up in Massachusetts, and for some years a resident of Chicago, she spent most of her ac- tive life in New York City (1806-93). From 1883 till her death she edited the Maynzinc of American History, in which she published many of licr own essays. Her chief book, the History of the City of Xew York (2 vols., 1877- 81), was the valuable result of about fifteen years of patient labor and research. Other vol- umes worthy of citation are The Homes of America (1879) and Wall Street in History (1883). LAMB, Mary Axx. See Lamb, Charles. LAMB. William, Lord Melbourne. See Mel- BorRNE. William Lamb. LAMBALLE, lilx'bal', ;Marie TiifiRiSsE Louise de Savoie-Caricx.x. Princess of (1749- 92). A victim of the French Revolution. She was born at Turin, the daughter of Prince Louis Victor Amadeiis of Carignan. She marric<l in 17(i7 the Prince de Lamballe, who soon after died a victim of debauchery. Timid, tender, and self- sacrificing, the young widow became the devoted friend and chosen companion of Jlarie Antoi- nette, and as an innocent agent in the Queen's intrigues incurred the bitter hatred of the popu- lace. She Hed to England after the attempted Uight of the royal family in .June, 1791, but rejoined the Queen in November. After the events of August 10. 1792, she received ])ermis- sion to share the captivity of the Queen, but was soon separately immured in the prison of La Force, On September 3d she was brought before the Tribunal and commanded to swear that she loved liberty and equality, and hated the King, the Queen, and royalty. "The first oath." she replied, "1 will swear, but the rest 1 cannot ; my heart rebels against it." "Let madame go!" said tlie president, and at this two men conducted her to the door, where she was torn to pieces by the mob. who paraded her head on a ])ike under ilarie Antoinette's windows at the Tcm])lc. LAMBAYEQUE, Uim'ba-ya'ka, A maritime Ji'partiiu'nt in Xortlnvestern Peru, bounded liy the Department of I'iura on the north. Cajamarca on the east, Libertad on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Its area is estimated at 17,940 square miles. The greater part con- sists of a coastal plain with a number of low ridges running down from the corc'.illera, which also traverses the northeastern part of the de- partment. The soil, except along the river courses, is mostly arid. The chief agricultural products are sugar, tobacco, cotton, and rice. Some good grazing land is found on the moun- tain slopes. The population was estimated in lS9(i at 124.091. Capital. Lambayeque. LAMBAYEQUE. Capital of the Peruvian department of the same name, situated on the river T.andiayeque. about six miles from the sea (Map: Peru. B 5). It has manufactures of cotton and woolen goods, and is connected by rail with the seaport of Pimentel. Population, estimated at 8000, including many negroes and Chinese coolies. LAMBECK, lamTiek, or LAMBECCIUS, lambck'si-us, Peter (1628-80). A tierman scholar, born at Hamburg. He was educated at Hamburg, Amsterdam, Paris, and Rome. In 1651 he was made teacher of history in the gymnasium at Handjurg, and in 1660 its rector, .■ifter joining the Catholic Church in 1662 he went to Vienna, where he was appointed librarian of the Imperial library (1665). His works in- clude: Commeiitarii <l<: ISibliothcni ('(Fsarea Vin- dobonensi (1655-79); lierum Hamburgensium Lihri (1653-61); Syntagma Antit/uitatum Con- slantinopoUtanarxtin (1655|: Platinic Historia L'rhis Mantuw (1675); and the really valuable I'rodromiis of the uncompleted Historia Liter- aria ( 1710). LAM'BERT, Alexander (1862—). An American pianist, born in Warsaw. Poland. His musical instruction wa.s begun in 1872 by his father, who was an accomplished musician. In 1876 he was sent by the advice of Rubinstein to the conservatory at Vienna, where he studied for four years under Epstein, graduating in 1880. After another period of study, part of which was spent with Urban at Berlin, he went in 1881 to New York, where he gave a series of concerts. Returning to Europe, he made a concert tour tlirough Germany and Russia, and then resumed his studies under Liszt at Weimar. In 1884 he returned to America, where for several seasons he plaved in concert. In ISSS he became director of the New Y'ork College of ilusic. He eompo.sed considerable music, but is best known as a teach- er, and for his arrangement of a valuable System- atic Course of Studies (6 vols., 1892). LAMBERT, laxbnr'. Eug£:ne Loots (1825- 1900). A French animal painter, born in Paris, and often called 'Lambert des chats." on account of his fondness for painting cats. He was a pupil of Delacroix and Dclaroche. His first Salon picture was hung in 1847. and his early W'ork was with birds and still life; but he struck his ke^niote in "Chat ct perroquet" (1857). His later canvases were "L'nc liorloge qui avance" (1805) ; "Vol avec escalade" (1868) ; "Chatte et ses petits" (1870) : "L'heure du repas" (1874) ; "En famille" (1876). He also exhibited at the Society of Aater-CoIor Artists such work as "Pendant 1 office" (1879). "Une famille de chats" ( 1887) . now in the Luxend)Ourg, and made beau- tiful illustrations for Cherville's Chimis et chats (1889). LAM'BERT, Fra.xz, or Lambert of Avig.von (c. 1486- 1530). A German Protestant reformer. He was bom in Avignon, became a Franciscan friar at an early age, was ordained a priest, and preached with success. In 1522, having been refused permission to join the Carthusians, he attached himself to the caisc of Martin Luther and eml)raced the doctrines of the Reformers. He threw aside the gar'o of his Order, and began to preach the Reformed faith in Germany and Switzerland. He joined Luther in 1523 at Wit- tenberg, ami thence proceeded to Metz and Strass- burg. . Protestant academy having been estab- lished at Marburg, he became its first professor of theology-, and in 1529 took part in a general conference of theologians held at that place from the different German provinces. Consult his Life bv I!aum (StrassburLr. 1840) ; Hassenkamp (El- berfeld, 1800) ; RulTet (Paris, 1873).
