LAMBERVILLE. 719 League an ally of the English. P6re Lamberville liatl good backing while Frontenac was Governor at Quebec, but when the latter was replaced by weaker men the life of the missionary was en- dangered by the treacherous seizure of Iroquois who had crossed to C'ataraqui (now Kingston), Ontario, for a peaceable conference, and he had to make his escape ( 1687 ) . He died in France, and his younger brother, Jacques, succeeded him among the Oiiondagas; but he, too, was forced to fly ( 170!i) . ;iii(l the mission was abandoned. LAM'BETH. A metropolitan borough of Lon- don, in Surrey, on the south bank of the Thames, l-^ miles southwest of Saint Paul's Cathedral, and opposite Westminster, with which it is connected by four bridges. Area, G'4 square miles. Population, in ISlll, 278,-39.3 ; in 1901, 301.873. Its most interesting building. Lambeth Palace, has been the metropolitan residence of the Archbishop of Canterbun,- since 1197, and contains a fine portrait gallery and a library with valuable MSS. Other noteworthy fea- tures are Saint Thomas's Hospital, several be- nevolent institutions, and fine public buildings, the Surrey Zoological Gardens, and Brockwell, Kennington, and Vauxhall parks, the latter the site of tl>e once-famous Vauxhnll Gardens. The numerous industrial establishments include pot- teries, glass-works, machine-factories, and brew- cries. LAMBETH ARTICLES. The name given to a statement concerning the doctrines of pre- destination, justification, and free will drawn up at Lambeth Palace in 1.59.5 by William Whit- aker. master of Saint .John's College, Cambridge, and others who agreed with him in holding C'al- vinistic views. They were approved by Arch- bishop Whitgift, and sent to Cambridge with direction that the scholars should conform to them, but were recalleil bv order of Queen Eliza- beth. The articles are nine in number, and strongly Calvinistic in tone. LAMBETH CONFERENCE. A gathering of all the bishops of the Anglican conmiunion, held at L.Tm'oeth Palace, the ollicial residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and under his presidency. The idea of such an assembly was suggested as early as 18.51 by Bishop Hopkins of Vermont ; but the first formal request to call it was made by the Canadian bishops in their pro- vincial synod of 1S().5. the desire growing out of the disquiet caused by the complications of Bish- op Colenso's case. Archbishop Longley issued the first invitation in 1807. and it was accepted by 76 bishops. The second conference was held in 1S7S. in response to the demand of those who realized the usefulness of the first; this time 100 bishops met. under Archbishop Tait. In 1888. under Archbishop Benson. 145 were pres- ent; and in 1897 Archbishop Temple presided over 194. The conference does not pretend to legislate or to fonnulate doctrine; hut its value as a means for the interchange of counsel on problems of the day has been so generally felt (hat it is likely to continue at inter-als of ap- proximately ten years. Its most important single net has been the promulgation of a basis for the establishment of Christian unity in 1888. A full official report of the origin and the pro- ceedings of the first three meetings has been pub- lished by Dr. Davidson, who became Archbishop of Canterbury in 1903, The Lambeth Conferences LAMBS' CLUB. Of 1S67, 187S, and 1SS8 (London and :<ew York, 1889). LAMBETH DEGREES. Degrees conferred in arts or laws or theology by the Archbishop ol Canterbun,'. Those from the universities are more esteemed. LAMBINET, laN'be'na', Esule Chaeles ( 1815-7S). A French painter, born at Versailles. He studied under Drolling, and later with Horace Vernet, whom he accompanied on a journey to Algeria. Afterwards he traveled in England and Holland, but his best works are views in Xor- mandy or along the Seine. Except in a few in- stances his pictures are landscapes. He received the decoration of the Legion of Honor in 1867. LAMBI'NUS, DIONYSIL-.S (Denys LAiiBix) (i520-72). A French classical scholar. He was born at ilontreuil, and studied at Amiens. From 1561 he was professor of Latin and Greek at the Coll&ge Royal in Paris, and won fame by his editions of classical authors, especiallv of Horace (1561), Lucretius (1563). and Cicero (1.566). These profound works have formed the basis of unnuniliiTfil modern editions. LAMBKLLL. A North American evergreen shrub. See Kalmia. LAMBREQUIN. See Maxtlixg. LAMBRUSCHINI, lam'broo-ske'n*, LuiGI (1776-18.54). An Italian cardinal. Secretary of State under Gregory XVI. He was born at Genoa ; entered the Order of Barnabites while he was very young; was secretary of Cardinal Consalvi at the Congress of Vienna, and brought about the conclusion of the concordats with Bavaria and Xaples. In 1819 he was made Archbishop of Genoa, and in 1827 was Xuncio to Paris, where he stayed until the Revolution of .July. In 1831 he was made cardinal, and in 1836 he succeeded Bernetti as Secretary of State, in a particularly trying and ditKcult period. He was opposed to innovation, and did his best to carry out the Papal policy of temporal control. He was au- thor of the famous allocutions in connection with the quarrel between the Bishop of Cologne and Prussia. In 1842 he became IJishop of Sabina, and in 1847 of Porto. On the outbreak of the Roman Revolution of 1848 he had to flee to Civi- tavecchia and later to Xaples. and finally joined Pius IX. at Gaeta. He returned to Rome with the Pope in 1850. Among his writings are Opere spirituali (1836) and Suit' iiniiiacolato concepi- niento di Mnrifi (1843). LAMBRUSCHINI. Raifaello. Annfi (1788- 1873). An Italian writer and teacher, born at Genoa. He studied for the priesthood in Rome, where his uncle. Luigi Lambruschini (1776- 1854), was cardinal and Secretary of State. L'pon his return to Tuscany he devoted himself to agriculture and political economy, and founded the (lioinale Agraritoscano (1827). Afterwards he opened a school at his villa of San Carboni, and put into practice his theories of education. In connection Avith his work he published La gtiidit drIV ediicatore (1836-44). After the an- nexation of Tuscany Victor Emmanuel made him Senator (1860). Among his writings are Libri drlV cducazione (1849) and DeW Utruzione (1871). LAMBS' CLUB, The. A social club in New York City, composed chiefly of actors, dramatists, and artists. It had its origin in a group of ac-
