LAMP. 725 LAMPMAN. A long glass chimney rests on a ledge or gallery around the base of the cap; and by perforations in the brass an air-chamber is formed below. The chimney causes a strong draught through this chamber, and the cap or dome deflects the cur- rent of air, and makes it impinge against the flame as it passes through the slit, thus produc- ing perfect combustion and a white, brilliant liglit without smoke. The demand for these lamps is extremely large, and their manufacture and sale forms an extensive business. Duplex and triple.x burners wei'e subsequently invented, in which two or three wicks are arranged side by side, with two or three parallel ojienings in the dome of the burner. The round liurner (see Argand) has been adapted to mineral oils, and, (;n account of the great brilliancy of the light afforded, is very popular. The great dilliculty at first experienced with rounil burners was to ol)tain a sutticient supply of oxygen for the inside of the flame. This has been obviated in the central- draught burner, in which there is a circular air- channel extending through the burner and the LAMP. Section ()f Rodiester Lamp, showing central-draught burner. oil-reservoir itself. A modification of the cen- tral-draught l)urner is the stiidrnt huiij), in which the oil-reservoir is separated from the burner and C(jiuiected with it liy a tul)o, through which the flow of oil is so regulated that only as nuich reaches the wick as is needed for consumption. These lamps do not give out the heat of the ordi- nary central-draught burner, and the adjustable burner can be placed as near the base as desired, withmit the oil-rc-ervoir intervening. See Elec- tric LlcilTixci; Pktruleim. LAMPADEPHO'RIA (Lat., from Ok. Xa/i- vaSriipopla, a ln'aring of torches). A torch-race, sucli as was held in many ]>laces in the Creek world in honor of various divinities. At .thens we know of important torch-races in honor of Prometheus, Heph.Tstus. Athena, Pan. and Arte- mis-I?endis. a Thracian goddess. The latter was held in the Pirtrus, and the contestants were mounted. The race seems to have originated in honor of Prometheus (q.v.) and his gift of fire to mankind. .t his festival the course was from liis altar at the Academy to the Dipylon gale. At other festivals the start was at the altar of Eros, in the same neighborhood, but the goal is not certain. Two kinds of torch-race on foot seem described. One was a sort of relay race, where the torches were jiassed from one runner to another, and the band whose lighted torcli first reached the goal was the victor. The other was a race between individuals, each of whom strove to bring his lighted torcli to the goal. If the torch was extinguished, the runner was disquali- fied. The torches seem to have been of wax, and were provided with a handle and shield to pro- tect the hand. In some races the runners carried also shields on the left arm, as in the race in armor. The race was regarded as a severe test requiring careful training. In addition to the handbooks and dictionaries of classical antiqui- ties, consult the careful study by fSterrett, in American Journal of Philology, vol. xxii. (Balti- more, 1901). LAMP AS. A disease of the horse (see Diseases of the ilouth, in the article Horse). Lampas, or the swelling of the nuicous membrane, is not a common disease, although it is a common habit among stablemen to attribute the disease to any horse that refuses its food ; or, in the case of a young animal when teething, there arises a con- dition of congestion and swelling of the roof of the mouth, which interferes with feeding. The remedy in common use is to apply an astringent wash of alum-water, and if necessary the swollen • parts are scarified. The practice of burning the lampas is very severely condemned. LAMPASAS, li'im-pa'sns. A town and the county-seat of Lampasas County, Tex., 80 miles northwest of Austin: on a branch of the Lam- pasas River, and on the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railroad, and the terminus of a branch of the Houston and Texas Central (Map: Texas, E 4). It has a considerable trade in cotton, grain, wool, hides, agricultural ])roduce. live stock. |)oultrv, and eggs ; and its industries are represented by cotton-gins, fiour-niills, wagon-shops, etc. Sul- I)hur springs have given the locality considerable popularitv as a health resort. Population, in IS'JO, 2408: in 1000, 2107. LAMPBIiACK. Soot, produced on a com- mercial scale by the imperfect combustion of various materials, such as coal-tar or wood-tar, pitch. ])etrolcuni, rosin, etc. These substances are burned in a fireplace, the dense smoke passing through a long brickwork flue into the chambers where the soot collects. The finest quality of lampblack is deposited in the last of these chambers. This portion of the soot may be used directly for making printers' ink and for similar jnirposes. but to render it fit for making water colors the lampblack must be subjected to a process of purification. This may be efTected by digesting the soot with hot sulphuric acid, then washing with water. LAMPER EEL, or LAMPERN". See L.M- I'UEY. LAMPLIGHTER, The. A novel by Maria Susanna Cummins (1854), very popular at the time. LAMPTMAN, Archibald (1801-00). A Cana- dian poet, born at Morpeth, Ontario, November 17. 1801. He was descended from a German family of Loyalists who emigrated from Pennsyl- vania at the outbreak nf the Revolution, .fter graduating from Trinity College, Toronto (1882),
