LEGXJMJNOS^. 101 LEHMANN. rapidly and aie supplied with their necessary carbohydrates bj* the plant, and in turn give ni- trogen to their hosts. This form of life is known as symbiosis (q.v.), and it is one of the chief reasons why pliinls of this order ai'e so valuable in enriching the soil. In the seeds of many is found a nitrogenous substance called legumin (q.v.) or 'vegetable casein.' The discovery that leguminous plants assimi- late the free nitrogen of the air through their root-tubercles was made by Hellriegel (q.v.), who also observed the presence of bacteria in the tubercles. Other investigators established the fact of the symbiosis of the bacteria and the root- tubercles and worked out practical methods for the inoculation of the soil with bacterial cul- tures to promote the growth of legumes even on a large scale. (See the articles Clover; Green JIaxlbixg; RootTubercle.s. ) The principal genera of the order are: MimosecE, Acacia, Mi- mosa; Ca:salpine([:, Bauhinia, Cercis, C'a?salpinia, Hsematoxylon, Cassia, Ceratonia. and Tamarin- dus: Papilionacew. Onobrychis, Desniodium, Araehis, Robinia, Lupinus, Astragalus, Cytisus, Ulex, Lotus, Anthyllis, Medicago, Trifolium, tVicia, Lathyrus, Phaseolus, Indigofera, Gly- cyrrhiza, Amorpha, Crotalaria, Dalbergia, Ptero- carpus, etc. Fossil representatives of this family are com- mon in the Cretaceous rocks of Greenland and in the Tertiary deposits of Europe and America. LEHIGH, le'hi. A river of eastern Pennsyl- vania. It rises a few miles east of Wilkesbarre and flows southeast, breaking in picturesque gorges through the Blue ilountain range, till it reaches Allcntown, Lehigh County, where it turns northeast, and enters the Delaware at Easton, after a course of about 120 miles (Map: Penn- sylvania. F 2). It is followed for the greater part of its course by the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and passes through a region rich in anthracite coal and iron, for which it is an important out- let. By means of locks and dams it has been opened for slack-water navigation as far as hitchaven. 84 miles from its mouth. LEHIGHTON, le'hi-tun. A borough in Car- bon County. Pa., 84 miles north by west of PhiladeliJhia ; on the Lehigh River, and on the Lehigh Valley and the Central of Xew Jersey railroads I Map: Pennsylvania, F 3). It is of considerable importance as an industrial centre, stoves, brick, leather, car-springs, furniture, and flour being manufactured. The fair grounds of the County Industrial Society are here. Lehigh- ton owns the electric-light plant, which, how- ever, is leased to private parties for operation. Population, in 1800, 2959; in 1900, 4629. LEHIGH UNIVERSITY. An unsectarian institution of higher learning at South Bethle- hem. Pa., founded in 186.5 bv Judge Asa Packer ( q.v. ) . of :Mauch Chunk, with a gift of .$.500,000 and 115 acres of land, and incorporated in 1866. By his will .Judge Packer, who died in 1879, en- dowed the university with .$1..500.000 and the library with .$500,000. The object of .Judge Packer was to afford the young men of the Le- high Valley a complete technical education for the professions represented in the development of the peculiar resources of the region. The university is organized in two departments: the school of general literature, comprising a classi- cal and a Latin-scientific course, leading to the degree of B.A., and the school of technology with highly developed courses in civil, mechanical, metallurgical mining, and electrical and chemical engineenngyelectrometallurgj', chemistry, geology, and physics, leading to the corresponding enginjeer- ing degrees and B.S. Graduate courses are of- fered in both departments, conferring the master's degree in art and science, and sununer schools in the engineering courses form part of the required studies. The college buildings, 13 in number, in- clude Packer Hall, the Packer Memorial Church, three well-equipped laboratories for chemistry and metallurgy, physics, and electricity and steam engineering, the Sayre astronomical ob- servatory and a modern gymnasium, valued, together with the apparatus and grounds of seven acres, at $1,250,000. The productive funds in 1903 amounted to $1,2.50,000, and the annual income to $100,000. The university had an at- tendance of 581 students, a faculty of 52 instruc- tors, and a library of 117,000 volumes. LEHMAN, la'man, Liza (ilrs. Hekbebt Bed- ford) . An English concert vocalist and composer, born in London. She was the daughter of Rudolph Lehman, a well-known artist ; and her mother (who was the daughter of Robert Chambers, co-founder of Chambers' S' Journal) was a composer, writing under the pseudonym of A. L. Liza Lehman studied voice culture under Randcgger ( Lon- don) and Raunkilde (Rome) ; and composition under Freudenberg (Weisbaden) and Hamish MaeCunn (London). Her debut as a vocalist was at the London ilonday Popular Concerts on November 23, 1885, and she afterwards met with remarkable success throughout Great Britain and Germany. In 1894 she married Mr. Herbert Bed- ford (a composer of considerable merit) and re- tired from concert work. Her most successful work, up to 1892, was the Persian Garden, the words, taken from the Riibai'/at of Omar Khay- yam, consisting of a connected group of solos and part songs. Next followed a song cycle from Tennyson's In ilemoriam, and in 1901 another song cycle called TJie Daisy Chain. None of her later cycles has had the vogue of the Persian Garden. Her work is marked by originality of form and expression, and a refinement of senti- ment which betrays strongly the influence of Schumann. LEHMANN, Hexri (1814-82). A French historical and portrait painter, born at Kiel, Schleswig. April 14. 1814. He was a pupil of his father, Leo Lehmann. and Ingres. He opened a studio in Paris in 1847. The subjects of his first paintings were scriptural. He took first-class medals in 1840. 1848. 1855; received the cross of the Legion of Honor in 1846. and was made pro- fessor of the Ecole des Beau.x-Arts (1861). His principal works include: "Tobias and the Angel" (1835); '-.Jephtha^s Daughter" (1S36); "Don Diego" (1836) : portrait of Charles VII.. of Louis VIII. ; "Saint Catharine Borne to the Tomb by Angels" (1840): "Hamlet." "Ophelia" (1846): "Leonidas" (1848); "Grief of the Oceanides" (18.50) : "Adoration of Magi" (1855) : "Educa- tion of Tobias" (1859); "Rest" (1864); mural paintings in the chapels of the Church of Saint Merry, on the ceiling of the Great Hall in the Palais de .Justice, and in the Throne Hall. Luxem- bourg Palace. He painted a portrait of himself for the t'flfizi Gallery. Florence. LEHMANN, Lilli (1848—). An eminent German dramatic soprano, born in Wiirzburg.
