liEMON-GBASS. 121 LE MOYNE. coarse to be relished by cattle except when jouug, and is therefore often burned down. Eurojjeans in India make an agreeable stomachic and tonic tea of the fresh leaves. By distilla- tion, a yellow essential oil, with a strong lemon- like smell, is obtained ( lemon-giass oil), which is employed externally as a stimulant in rheu- matic affections. It is used in perfumery, and is often called oil of verbena by perfumers. Lemon-grass has been introduced into the West liulics, Australia, etc. See Axdropogox. LEMON-JUICE. A somewhat turbid sour liquid, obtained from lemons by expression and straining. Its acidity is due to the presence of citric acid, which it contains both free and in the form of salts: it also contains some sugar, gum, and inorganic salts. Its physio- logical action is usually the same as that of citric acid, to which, however, it is generally preferred as a remedy for scurvy. Lemon-juice is much used for making effervescent drinks. See Citric Acin. LEMONNIER, le-mu'nya', Axtoixe Loris C.MILLE (1S3.5-). A Belgian noveli.-t. born at Ixelles. near Brussels. His earlier writing was in the field of art criticism, such as Les salons de Bruxelles (1863-66), Salon de Paris (1870), and Les peintres de la vie (1888). La lielgique (1887) received a prize from the Bel- gian Government. His other works are novels, mostly of the Realistic School, such as Contes fiamands et icallons (1873) ; Vn coin de village (1879); Les charniers, based on the battle of Sedan (1881): Eappe-Chair, much the same story as Zola's Germinal (1886) ; and the serial Venfant du crapand, the publication of which in Le Gil Bins (1889) was stopped and its author fined one thousand francs for immorality. His stories for children include Bebes et jou- joiix (1880), La comcdie des jouets, and Les histoires de liuit betes et une poupee (1888). His later novel, Au coeur frais de la foret ( 1900) , has none of the brutality of his earlier work, and is marked by unusual descriptive power. LE MONNIER, Piebke CH.iRLES (1715-99). A French astronomer. He was elected a mem- ber of the Academic des Sciences in 1736, and in the following year was associated with Mau- pertuis and Clairaut. at Tornea. in measuring a degree of the meridian in Lapland, within the polar circle. In 1739 he was elected honorary member of the Royal Society of London, and for twelve years was its senior member. In 1741 he published Histoire celeste. In 174G and 1748 he made some successful telescopic observations in relation to the planets Jupiter and Saturn, and an eclipse of the sun. He held the chair of physics in the College de France for many years. In 1740 he published Inst'tutions< astrononiiques, an elementary work. In 1748 he went to Eng- land, and thence to Scotland to observe the solar eclipse. In 1771 he published yautical Astron- omy, and various treatises on navigation, mag- netism, and the variations of the compass, etc. LEMON OIL. A volatile oil expressed from kmon-peel and consisting chiefly of the hydro- carbons citrene (C,„H,8) and c>-mene (C,„H,,), and the aldehyde citral or geranial (C,„H,c.O). Oil of lemon is a fragrant yellow liquid, miscible in all proportions with absolute alcohol and glacial acetic acid. It is principally used for the purpose of communicating an agreeable odor to other medicines, although it is sometimes, taken in the dose of two or three drops on sugar as a carminative. Because of its agreeable scent, it is often added to evaporating lotions and to ointments. LEMONS, Salt of. A name commonly but improperly applied to acid potassium oxalate. LE MOYNE, le mwiln, Axtoixe, Sieur de Chateauguay (1683-1747). A Canadian officer, and the youngest of the sons of Charles Le .Moyne, Sieur de Longueuil. He became an officer in the French army, and in 1704 led a party of settlers to the Colony of Louisiana, which had been founded by his brother, Iberville (q.v.). During the next two years he served under his brother against the English, and with such dis- tinction that in 1717 he was given command of the French troops in Louisiana. He served against the Spaniards in the Florida campaign of 1719. From 1720 to 1726 he was stationed at Mobile, then recalled to France and sent as Governor to ilartinique, and later to Cayenne. He was made Governor of Cape Breton in 1745, a year famous in the annals of that station on account of the capture of the fortress of Louis- burg (q.v.) by the New England forces under William Pepperell. LE MOYNE, Charles, Sieur de Longueuil (1626-83). A Canadian explorer. He was born in Xormandy, and when fifteen years of age emigrated to Canada, where he and his family of eleven children took part in the early settle- ment of the country. He distinguished himself in the Indian wars, where he passed through many thrilling adventures, and for his services was "ennobled by Louis XIV., becoming Seigneur de Longueuil in 1668, and later receiving the additional title of Chateauguay. He was for many years Captain of Montreal. He died at Villemarie, Canada. LE MOYNE, Chaeles, first Baron de Lon- gueuil (1656-1729). A Canadian soldier, son of Charles Le Moyne, Sieur de Longxieuil, and brother of several other famous soldiers and explorers. He served in the French army in Flanders, but becoming interested in colonization, returned to Canada in 1683, and devoted himself to developing the resources of that country. He took a prominent part in the defense of Quebec against the English in 1690. was Governor of ilontreal in 1700. and fought against Walker's expedition of 1711, in which year he was ap- pointed commandant-general of Canada. In 1726 he obtained from the hostile Iroquois a conces- sion to rebuild the important fort at Niagara, commanding the lower lakes, and was engaged in this work at the time of his death. LE MOYNE, .J.*^CQUES. Sieur de Sainte Hel6ne (1059-90). A Canadian army officer, and the second son of the elder Charles Le Jlovne, Sieur de Longueuil. He distinguished himself in an expedition against the English posts on Hudson Bay (1686). on which occasion three forts, a war-vessel, and the Governor-General were captured. He also was prominent in the massacre at Schenectady in 1600, and was mor- tally wounded the same year at Quebec, in defending that city against the attack of the Enclish under Admiral Phipps. LE MOYNE, Jeau Baptiste, Sieur de Bien- ville (1680-1768). A son of Charles Le Moyne,
