LEROTTX. 150 liEKOY-BEAXJIilEU. LEROTJX, llia-riiK (1820—). A Fronch painter of classical subjects, born at Verdun. He studied under Picot and won the second I'rix de Rome in 1857 with liis "Lazarus."' Ho was commissioned by the French Government to copy Titian's "Sacred and Profane I.ove" in ISIiO. (>£ his works, many owned in America, mention should be made of: "Une nouvelle vestalc" (18G3). at the Museum of Verdun; "Columba- rium" (18G4), at the Lu.embour>j ; the very powerful "ilessaline" (18G8); the "Vestale Tuccia" (187-1), at the Corcoran Gallery, Wash- ington; "Amata" and "Xouvelles du dehors" (1891) ; and "Un coin de la villa Medicis" and "Agar et lsmai?l" (1802). lie is not merely classical in his subjects, but seems to prefer the unromantic lack of action and absence of any emotion unless it be commingled with cold dig- nity. LEROTJX, Henri, called HrcfES (1860—). A French journalist and romance writer, born at Havre. He contriliuted to the Revue I'oll- iiquc et Liiti'rnire. the Temiis, Matin. .Journal. Figaro, etc., articles written in a peculiarly pleas- ing style, which also characterized his romances, such as Vn de nous (188(i), Les larrons (1890), I.cs amaiits hyzaiitiits (1897), Le mattre de Vheurc (1897), and I.c t'lx « /»/'« (1900), He published a bonk upon I.a Rimsie soiiterraiiie (I88:i), and a Xihilist novel, L'atteuiat Sloufih- hie. the same year, but afterwards turned his attention to tlie underground life of his own eitv, and issued L'eiifer parisien (1888). lie visited the United States at the beginning of the twentieth century and lectured at Har- vard, His more serious works include: Xoire jialron .Uphonse Dniidet (1888): Les jeiix du rirque et la vie foraine ( 1889) ; Portraits de eire ( 1891 ) : Marius et soldats ( 1892) ; Les mondains (1893); and -Vo.s f'^les; qu'en- ferons-iiotix? (1898). Among his travel sketches are: .1 i; Sahara (1891) ; Kn yacht (1892) : and 'Notes sur la Xorvrfic (1894). He adapted Dostoyevski's Crime and Punishment for the stage, besides writing the plav LUiutre Franee with Deeourcelle (1900). LEROTJX, Loris Eugene (1833—), A French painter, born in Paris. He was a pupil of Picot, and painted genre studies of Brittany. Among these mention should be made of "La lettre de I'armf'e" (1801) ; "Le nouveau-ne" (1804), now at the Luxembourg: "Avant I'ensevelissement" (1808); "L'heureuse m^re" and "La prii^re" (1869) ; also "Avant la confession" (1872) and ".Teuno mfre"' (1880). Leroux was decorated with the cross of the Legion of Honor in 1871, LEROTJX, PtERBE (1797-1871). A French radical pulilicist and philosopher, born in Paris. After studies at the Lyci'e Charlemagne ho found- ed (1824) the fllohe. an organ of literar>' and social reformers, which in 1831 became converted to the socialism of Saint-Simon. Leroux then (1832) became editor of the Revue enc)iclop{- dirjiie. and in collaboration with Jean Reynaud undertook the Enryeloprdie nouvelle. to continue the philosophic propagandism of the old Enryrlo- fifyjie. (See DinEiiOT. ) Tn 1839 he summed up his philosophic creed in De Vhumnnite. de son prineipe et de son avenir. teaching development toward perfection. In 1841 he joined with George Sand and Viardot to found the Revue Jndipendante, translated Goethe's Werther in 1843, and in 1848 was an ultraradical delegate to the National Assembly. After the coup d'etat (1851) he sought refuge in .Jersey and at Lau- sanne, but he returned in 1809. The titles of his more prominent writings indicate their charac- ter: Uu chrislianismc ct de scs origincs demo- enttiijurs (1848) : .Malthus ct les {conomistes, on y aura-t-il tou jours des pauvresf (1848) ; and Job. a drama (180.5). He was an honest, en- thusiastic, and visionary radical. LEROY, le-rwii', Jean Jacqies Jo.sepii, known as Leroy d'Etioi.les (1798-1800). A French surgeon, born in Paris. In 1822, while a medical student, be invented a set of instru- ments for performing the operation of lithotrity (q.v. ), His works inchidc: Exfiosi. de divers proeedei eniploi/es pour gui-rir de la pierrc ; De rexiraelion des corps ft rangers : and his transla- tion into French of Cooper's Dictionari/ of Sur- gery. LE BOY, Marin. See Gomhehville, .Mari.n" Le Roy, Seigneur de. LEROY, WiLLTAM Edgar (1818-80). An American naval olliecr. He was born in New York, entered the navy as midshipman in 18.32, and became a lieutenant in 1843. a commander in 1801, a captain in 1806, a commodore in 1870, and a rear-admiral in 1874. He commanded the Kcys,tone State in the engagement with Confe<l- crate ironclads olT Charleston in .fanuary, 1803, and the Ossipee at the battle of Mobile Bay, on August 5, 1804, and on both occasions was con- spicuous for skill and bravery. From 1876 to 1879 he commanded the South Atlantic squadron, and in 1880 was retired from active service. LEROY-BEATJLIETJ, Ip-rwlili'/lye'. Anatole (1842 — ). A French publicist, born at Lisieux, in the Department of Calvados. He devoted himself to the study of the history of art and published in 1860 Vne troupe de eomediens, followed in 1875 by La restauration de nos monuments historiques devant I'art et devant le budget. In 1881 he became professor of modern history at the Ecole Libre des Sciences Politiques. and in 18S7 was made a member of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences. In the Revue des Deux ilondcs, with which lie became connected soon after the publication of his second work, he pub- lished a number of important political and social studies, subsequently reprinted in book form. Chief among these are L'empirc des Tsars et les Russes (1887-89), an excellent treatise on the history, politics, and social life of Russia, based on personal observation during a journey under- taken in 1872. and a long sojourn in that coun- try; Vn liomnie d'etat j-H.ssc (Nicolas Milutine) (1884) ; and La France, la Ru.<ssie, et I'Burope (1888). Various phases of contemporary social development are treated in Les catholiques lih6- raux. I'eglise et le UM-ralisme (1885) ; La rf volu- tion et ie lib6ralisme (1890) ; lies juifs et I'anti- semitisme, Israel chez les nations (1893). LEROY-BEATJLIEU, Pierre Paii. (1843 — ), A French economist, brother of Anatole. He was born at Saumur, December 9, 1843, stud- ied at Paris, Bonn, and Berlin, and subsequently wrote numerous articles for various French publi- cations. In 1807 he published his first large work, L'inflvence de I'^tat moral et intellectuel des populations ourrieres sur le taux des salaires. Tn 1872 he became professor of finance at the Ecole Libre des Sciences Politiques, In 1880 he
