LIPPI. 308 LIPSCHITZ. late period, after the Roman visit, belong '"Christ Appearing to the Virgin," Munich Pinakothek; "Adoration of the Kings" (141)0), Ullizi ; "Meet- ing of Joachim and Anna," Ciallery of Copen- hagen; and especially the "ilarriage of Saint Catharine," an altarpiece in San Doinenico, Bologna. In 1488 Filippino was eouiniissioned to execute in the Church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, Home, a cycle of frescoes illustrating the dogmas of the Order of Saint Dominic, which he executed with masterly skill. He was very much impressed by the monuments of Rome, as is e-speciallj' shown in his use of Renaissance decora- tion in later works. In 1502 he completed the frescoes of the Strozzi Chapel, in Florence, with subjects from the history of Saints Philip and John. He died April 18, 1504, at Florence. BiBLiOGRAi'UY. ilatcrials for the life of Fra Filippo will be found in the .second volume of Vasari's ^'ile. edited by Milanesi (Florence, 1878). See also the articles on both artists by Woermann, in Dohuie, Kunst und Kiinstlcr Ita- liens (Leipzig, 1878). LIP'PIA (Neo-Lat.. named in honor of the French physician and traveler Augustus Lippi) . A genus of shrubby and half-shrubbj' plants, in- cluding about ninety species, mostly American, and among them the common lemon verbena {f/ippiu,i>r Aloi/siu,ritrio(lora) . This was former- ly a favorite in old-fasliioned flower-gardens, especially in Enghuul, because of its fragrant leaves. It is a low, tender shrub, deciduous in Jiorthern climates, and should be brought into the greenhouse on the approach of frost. It grows readilj- from cuttings. LIP'PINCOTT, Joshua Ballinoeb (1813- 86). An American publisher, founder of the house which bears his name. He was born in Burlington County, N. J., removed to Philadel- phia about 1828, and entered the book business. In 183fi he organized the firm of J. B. Lippincott & Co.. and in 1850 bought the entire business of (irigg & Klliotl, one of the best known firms in Philadelphia. In 1883 the name of the concern was altered to the J. B. Lip|iincott Co. Upon bis death he was succeeded in the presidencj' by his son, Cbaige (1846 — ). Craige was born in Phila- delphia, studied at the University of Pennsyl- vania and in Europe, and entered the publishing house in ISfiCi. LIPPINCOTT, Sara .Jane (Cl.rke) (1823- 1!)04). An American author, chiefly known by the pseudonym 'Grace Greenwood.' She was born in New York in 1823. was educated at Rochester, N. Y., and began to write at an early age. In 1853 she was married to Leander K. Lippincott. Among her works are: Greenwood Leaves (1850); History of Mi/ Pets (18.50); Poems (1851); Haps and ilishapf: of a Tour in Eng- land (1854); Merrie Enf/land (1855); Tories from Famous DaVads (1800); Records of Five Years (1807) ; and fttorirs and ,Vcetches (1893). She established The Liltlc I'iUirim. a paper for children, and appeared extensively upon the plat- form as a lecturer and dramatic reader. LIPPINCOTT, Wii.i,iA.M Henry (1849—). An American artist, born in Philadelphia. He received his education at the Friends' Private Academy; then entered the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, became an illustrator and scene painter, and in 1874 went to Paris, where he was a pupil of Leon Bonnat. In 1882 he re- turned to America and opened a studio in New York. His pictures include "Un jour de cong6," "Helena," and "Infantry in Arms." LIPPMANN, lep'maN', Gabriel (1845—). A French physicist, born at Hallerich in Lu.xem- burg. He entered the scientific department of llje Ecole Norniale in Paris in 1868, and four years later went to Germany, where he studied physics and chemistry. On his return to Paris he earned the doctor's degree with remarkable theses en- titled Relation entre les phenoniincs ilectriqucs vt capillaires. He enunciated the principle of the conservation of electricity, and in 1891 discovered a method of photographing in colors. He be- came a professor in the University of Paris in 1883. Besides a number of memoirs, he published Cours de thermo-dynamique (1888); Corns d'acoustigue et d'optique (1888); and other works. LIPPS, lips, Theodok (1851 — ). A German psyciiologist, professor of philosophy at Municli. He was born at Wallbalben, Bavaria, July 28, 1851, and is best known for his contributions to the p.sychology of space-perception and to psycho- logieai iEsthetica. He published (Irundtatsachen des Heelenlebens (1883) ; Psychologisclie tStudien. (1885); Der Streit ■iibcr die Tragodic (1890); Aesthctisehe Factoren der Raumanschauumj (1891) ; Orundzuge der Logik (1893) ; Zur Psy- eholoyie der Suggestion (1897); Raumiisthclik und gcomelrisch-optische Tuuschungen (1897); Koiiiilc und Humor: eine psychologisch-iisthe- tische Untersuchung (1898) ; Ethische Grund- frugcn ( 1899) ; and was also one of the editors of Beitriiye zur Aesthetik. LIPPSTADT, lip'sUit. A town of Westphalia, Prussia, on the Lippe, 13 miles by rail from Soest (Map: Prussia, C 3). It has a consider- able grain trade, and some manufactures of tobacco, rope, and brandy. Population, in 1890, 10,400; in 1900, 12.534. The town was founded in the twelfth century by the Lord of Lippe. From the seventeentli century it was the joint property of Brandenburg and Lippe. In 1850 Lippe ceded its right to Prussia. LIPS, 16ps, .JoiiANN Hetnricii (1758-1817). A Swiss engraver, born at Kloten, near Zurich. He was the pu])il of Lavater at Mannlieim, and after- wards studied at Diisseldorf. He twice visited Rome, and was for a while professor at Weimar. He is noted for his plates after the old masters, whose works he interpreted with great skill and finish. He left about 1400 pieces, such as "The Adoration of the Magi," after Annibale C'arracci ; "The Bacchanal," after N. Poussin ; "Charlotte Corday," after Bree, and the portraits of Goethe. Wieland, and Hess. He was also a painter in water-color. — His son and pupil, Joiiann Jakob (1790-1833), an engraver. 7iiade portraits of Ludwig of Bavaria, Heble, and others. LIPSCHITZ, ll|)'shits, Rudolf (1832-1903). A CJerman mathematician, born in KJinigsberg, Prussia. In 1857 he became a privat-docent in Bonn, and in 1862 professor at Breslau. Two years later he returned to Bonn as professor, wliere he remained until his death. He was an extensive contributor to mathematical litera- ture, especially in the higher ;inalysis, in- eluding the calculus of variations, the theory of Bernoulli numbers, Bessel's functions, Fou- rier's series, and the theory of prime numbers. These contributions appeared chiefly in Crelle's
