LIQUORS. 316 LIQUORS. United States vras begun about 1840. It ex- tended ^^ith tlie general increase of population, the influx of German immigrants, and the culti- vation of tlic tastes of the people for milder beverages. In 1900 its use had almost entirely country than that of wine manufacture. Since, in this industry, the transportation of the fin- ished product is more expensive than that of the raw material, the centres of manufacture are near the place of consumption; that is, in or near I superseded that of ale and porter." Since 1850 the large cities. In tliis respect the industry the manufacture of malt liquors in the United differs from the manufacture of either wine or States has steadily and rapidly increased, the distilled spirits, in both of which the cost of number of factories rising from 431 to 1500; the transporting the raw material is much greater Distilled Spirits, Wineb, and Malt Liquors quantities consumed and average annual consumption per capita in the unitkd states from 1878 to 1900 YEAR ENDINO JUNE 30 Distilled spirits consumed From fruit All otlier Imported for con- sumption Totaf Wines consumed 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1B8S. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. Proof galls. 1,103,351 1.021,708 1,005,781 1,701.206 1,216.850 1,263,278 1,137,066 1,468,776 1,556,994 1,211,532 888,107 1,294,858 1,608,130 1,219,436 1,961,062 1,687.641 1.4.TO,653 1,102.703 1.440.810 1.146,131 1.411.448 1.306,218 1,386.361 Proof ^ulls. 49.G00,838 52,003,467 61,126,634 67,426,000 70,759.648 76,608.785 78,469,846 67,689,260 69,295,361 08.385,604 73,313,279 77,802.483 84,760,240 88,336,483 96,187,385 98,202.790 SK.046,771 7.').228.998 CS,0r>9.663 (;'.)."89.991 7',l,1.59.5ilO 84,614.052 94.166,023 Proof f^&lls. 1.227.752 1.263,300 1.394,279 1,479.875 1,580.578 1,690.624 1.511.080 1.442,067 1.410,269 1.407.697 1.643,966 1.615.817 1,561.192 1,602,046 1,179.671 1,397.422 1,063,886 1.496,860 1.541.504 2.230,711 916,549 1,389,368 1,705,998 Proof galls. 51,931,941 64,278,475 G3,.526,694 70.607.081 73.566,976 7S.452.6S7 81,108,581 70.600,092 72.201.614 71,064.733 76.845.352 80,013,168 87,829.662 91,157,565 98,328,118 101,287,753 90.541.209 77.S28,661 71.061,877 73,166,833 81.487,687 87,310.228 97,248,382 GlllloDS 17,963,386 19,846,113 23,298,940 18.931,819 19,934,866 17,406,028 17,402,938 17,404,098 20,866.393 27.706.771 31,680,523 29,610,104 23,896.108 23,736.232 23.033,493 26,391,235 18,040,385 16,689,667 14,599,757 33,940.319 17.453,684 22,«35.,5S7 26,492,491 Imported for eon- sumption Gallons 4,310.663 4,632.017 5,0.30.601 5.231,106 5,628.071 8,.372,152 3,106,407 4,496,759 4,700,827 4,618,290 4.654,.'>46 4,634,373 6,060,873 6,297,560 5,434,367 5„596.584 3,252,739 3,064.392 4,101,649 4,647,988 3,113,033 3,525,109 3,935,000 GalloDS 22.263.949 24,377,130 28.329,541 24.162,925 2.'>,562,927 25.778.180 20.508,345 21,900,467 25,607,220 32,325,061 30.336,068 34,144,477 28.9.16.981 29,033,792 28,467.860 31,987,819 21,293,124 19.644,049 18.701,406 38,588,307 20,667,317 26,360,696 30.427,491 YEAR ENDING JUNE 30 1878. 1879, 1880. 1881. 1882, 1883. 1884, 1886, 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. Malt liquors consumed Domestic + Gallons 317,136,597 343,724,971 413,208,885 442.947,664 524.843,379 549,616.338 688.005,609 694.063,095 640,746.288 715,446,038 705,086,789 777,420,207 853,075,734 974,427.863 984,515,414 1,071.183,827 1.033,378.273 1,040,259.039 1.077.325.034 1.060.307,7114 1.101,769,114 1.132.723,202 1.218,183,252 Imported for con- sumption Gallons S32.7.55 880,614 1,011,280 1,164,.505 1..536.601 1.881,002 2.010,908 2.068.771 2.221.432 2,302.810 2..500.267 2.477,219 2.716,601 3,051.898 2.980,809 3.362,509 2,940.949 3.033.067 3.3fHl,531 3.l«J2.5.'iS 2.4.57.348 2.797,427 3.316,908 Total Gallons 317.969,352 344,005,486 414.220,166 444.112,109 .520.379.980 .'>51.497,340 590.016,517 696.131,806 642,967.720 717.748,864 707,.587,056 779,897.426 855,792,335 977.479.761 987.496.223 1,074.540,336 1,030..319.222 1,043,292.106 1.080.020,165 1,069.310,262 1,104,220,462 1.135..520.629 1,221.500,160 Total con- sumption of wines and liquors Gallons 392.106,212 423,261,090 506,076.400 538,882,176 026,499.883 655.728,207 691,633.443 688.632.415 740,7%,554 821,138,648 879,767,476 894.655,001 972,.578.a78 1,097,671,118 1.114.292,201 1.207.821,908 1.148,153,565 1,140,764,710 1.170.379.448 1.181,065,402 1,260.281,366 1,249,191,663 1.349.176,033 Total consumption per capita Of dis- tilled spirits P. galls 1.09 1.11 1.27. 1.38 1.40 1.46 1.48 1.26 1.26 1.21 1.26 1.32 1.40 1.43 1.51 1.62 1.34 1.13 1.01 1.02 1.12 1.17 1.27 Of wines Galls. 0.47 .60 .66 .47 .49 .48 .37 .39 .46 .55 .61 .56 .46 .45 .44 .48 .31 .28 .26 .63 .28 .35 .40 Of malt liquors Galls. 6.68 7.06 8.26 8.66 10.03 10.27 10.74 10.62 11.20 12.23 12.80 12.72 13.67 15.31 15.17 16.20 15.32 15.13 16.38 14.94 16.96 16.28 16.01 Of all liquors and wines Galls. 8.24 8.66 10.09 10.60 11.92 12.21 12.59 12.27 12.91 13.99 14.67 14.60 16.63 17.19 17.12 18.20 16.97 16.54 16.65 16 49 17.36 16.80 17.68 • Since 1866 includes domestic spirits exported and returned. + Product less domestic exports. Notes. — (1) 'I'lip production of dompstir wines from 1871 to 1892 was estimated b.y thn Department of Af2:riculture, by Mr. Charles MrK. Lcoser, prcHidciit of the Wine and Spirit Traders' Society of New York, and other well-informed persons, and the production for 1hh9 (opiiooite the .vear 1890) is that officially reported by the United States Census. (2) The consumption of domestic spirituous and malt liquors was obtained from reports of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. amount of capital invested from $4,072,380 to $4 15, 284.4(18 ; and llie value of product from $.5,728,568 to .$237,200,713. An army of nearly 40.000 wage-earners are now employed in pro- ducing this enormous annual output. Owing to the nature of the raw material required, the in- dustry is more widely spread throyghout the than that of the finished product. In value malt liquors produced, the States rank as foil lows: New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, WisI eonsin, Ohio. New Jersey, Missouri. See BeerI BREVnNG. Mani-facture of Distilled Liquors. The history of this industry in the United States is
