LORENZ. 459 LOEETO. other orthop.Tclic operations besides that for the reduction of hip dislocations, notably one for the straightening of club-foot, and has invented several instruments. His more important works are: Veher die unblutigchirurgische Behandlung der angeborenen Hiiftverrenkung mittels der functionellen Belastungsmethode (189C); Or- tlwpiidie der Hiiftgelenks-Kontrakturen und Ankylosen (1889); Das instrumentcUe kom- hiiiicrte Redresscment der Hiiflgelenks-Kontrak- iurcn (1898) ; and Veher die Heilung der ange- borenen Hiiftgelenks-Terrenkutig durch unblutige Einrenkung und functionetle Belastung (1900). LORENZ, Ottokae (18.32-1904). An Austrian historian, born in Iglau, Moravia. He was edu- cated in Vienna, and was appointed professor of history in the university there in 1860. In 1857 he received a Government appointment in the Department of Secret Archives, which he was compelled to relinquish in 1865 on account of indiscreet disclosures. In 1885 he was called to the University of Jena. His works include: Deutsche Geschiehte im dreizehnten und vierzehn- ten Jalirhundert (1863-67); Deutschlands Ge- schichtsqiiellen im ilittelalter seit der Mitte des dreizehnten Jahrhunderts (3d ed. 1886-87); Papstirahl und Kaiserthum (1874) ; and Goethes politische Lehrjahre (1893). liOKENZETTI, lo'ren-zet'te, Ambrogio ( ?- 1348?) . An Italian painter of the Sienose school, born at Siena. He and his brother. Pietro, are the only painters of the time who can compare with Giotto. Ambrogio's earliest works were for the churches of Siena, and his masterpiece, the allegorical frescoes executed between 1338 and 1340, is in the Palazzo Pubblico. of the same city. Afterwards he worked in Florence, and a picture by him is in the Academy there. Sev- eral of the frescoes in the Campo Santo at Pisa, formerly attributed to Orcagna, were done by him and his brother. — Pieteo (?-1348?) is known to have been painting in 1305, and Vasari refers to him as "Pietro Laurati, a pupil of Giotto.' His early works in Siena show a progress in art equaled by only Giotto himself. He worked with his brother on the now destroyed frescoes on the front of the hospital at Siena, and in the Campo Santo, at Pisa. Among other works by him are the frescoes in the lower Church of Saint Francis at Assisi. and easel pictures in Siena. Florence, and Arezzo. Pietro's son, Lorenzo, was a sculptor, of whom little is known except that he worked in Pisa. LORENZO, Id-ren'zd, Don (c.I370-c.l425). An Italian painter and Camaldolese monk, also called II Monaco. He was bom probably in Flor- ence. He belongs to the Florentine school, and is usually called a pupil of Agnolo Gaddi. The only signed work by him, a triptych once in the abbey of his Order at Ceretto. near Certaldo, is now in the Uffizi Gallery. It represents the "Coronation of the Virgin." and contains many figiires. It is dated 1413. Its manner is not imlike Gaddi's. The drawing is faulty, but it is elaborately finished, and has considerable re- ligious sentiment, while the color is pleasing. Other works identified as his are: a "Madonna" (1404). at Empoli: a "Madonna and Saints" (1410), in the Church of Monte Oliveto. Flor- ence; and an "Adoration of the Kings," in the Vffizi Gallery, Florence. Vol. XII.— 3u. LORENZO DE' MEDICI, d4 ma'de-che. See Medici. LORENZO DI PIETRO, d^ pyfi'tr.'j (called IL Vecchietto) (C.1412-S0). An Italian paint- er, architect, sculptor, and goldsmith, born at Cas- tiglione di Valdorcia. He is one of the most im- portant painters of the later Sienese school, and often e.liibits an impressive seriousness of expression, especially in such works as the altar- piece, in the Cathedral at Pienza, representing the Assumption, which is considered his master- piece. But, like all the painters of his time, his works are stiffly compo.sed and overladen with ornamentation, and his figures are angular. There are frescoes by him in the Palazzo Pub- blico, the Hospital, and the Baptistery, in Siena; and a JIadonna in the gallery of the same city, and in the Uffizi at Florence. He is less known in the otlier br.inches of his art. LORENZO MARQUES, ]t,Tay'zf> miir'kesh. See LoritF.xro iI.HQVF.s. LORENZO STECCHETTI, 16-r6n'z6 st6- ket'te. A pseudonym of the Italian poet Olindo Guerrini (q.v. ). LORETA, lu-ra'ta. Pietro. Count (1831-89). An Italian surgeon, bom in Ravenna, and edu- cated at Bologna. In ISGl he was made anatom- ical prosector to Calori at Bologna ; in 1805 he took charge of the surgical clinic, and in 1808 became professor of surgery in the University of Bologna. A famous surgeon, he is best known for his device of dilatation of the pylorus for cancer. Loreta wrote: Vhoco metodo di cista- iomia perineale; Vworo metodo di cura degli ancurismi ; La divulsione digitale del piloro; La divulsione instrumentale del cardia; and La resezione del fegato. LORETO, lo-ra'to. A city of the Province of Ancona, Italy, 15 miles by rail southeast of An- cona ( ilap : Italy, H 4 ) . ' It is one of the great Catholic pilgrimage resorts. Its chief interest lies in the possession of the f!anta Casa. reputed to be the house in which Christ lived at Xazareth with His mother and .Joseph. The large, fine church inclosing it is near the centre of the town, in a square which contains also the Governor's palace, designed by Bramante, and a fine bronze statue of Sixtus V. The house itself is plain, of stone, and very small. The whole precinct is rich in decorations of many varieties by great artists. Population, in 1901 (commune), 7845. The town has been the see of a bishop since 1586. The legend as to the Holy House asserts that in 1291, after the Holy Land was abandoned to the Saracens, the house was carried by angels to Raunitza on the Dalmatian coast, and as mysteriously transferred to its present site three years later. LORETO. A department of Peru, occupying the northeastern part of the Republic, and bounded on the north by Ecuador and the terri- tory claimed by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil "and Bolivia, on the south by the Peruvian departments of Cuzco and Huftnuco. and on the west by the departments of .mazonas and Libertad. The bovindaries are mostly im- perfectly defined, and the area can hardly be estimated with any degree of accuracy. Official estimates give it as 288.456 square miles. The western part adjoining the settled portion of the Republic belongs to the region of the Andes. The
