who had fallen in battle for their country, for the relief of the widows and children of dead companions of the order, and for the advance- ment of the general welfare of the soldiers and sailors of the United States. It comprises three classes, the first of which consists of com- missioned officers who had served as such in the army, navy, or marine corps of the United •States during the Civil Aar or were subse- quently commissioned to the regular forces of the United States, Members of the second class are elected from among the eldest male descend- ants of those eligible for the first class. The third class consists of distinguished civilians who rendered faithful and conspicuous service to the Union during the Civil War, Xo new elec- tions to this class have taken place since 1890, 1'here are at present twenty State commanderies, thus distributed in the order of seniority: Penn- sylvania, New York, Maine, Massachusetts, Cali- fornia, Wisconsin, Illinois, District of Columbia, Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota, Oregon, Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, Colorado, Indiana, Washington, and Vermont. Since 1885 the su- jireme head of the order has been a commander- in-chief.
LOYAL TEMPERANCE LEAGUE. An organization of children, with some 200,000 mem-
bers in the United States and a few in other
countries, started by the Woman's Christian
Temperance Union in 1880 to teacli children the
evil effects of alcohol, tobacco, and other nar-
cotics. There is a course of instruction and the
graduates are organized into State legions, hold-
ing annual conventions. See Temper.xce.
LOYALTY ISLANDS. A group of islands
in the Pacific, Iving east of New Caledonia, in
latitude 20° U' to 21° 39' S. and longitude 166°
10' to 168° 10' E. (Map: Australasia. .J 5). It con-
sists of the three larger islands of Lifu, Mare, and
Uea and a number of small islands, with a total
area of about 10.50 square miles. They are
mostly low and poorly watered. The climate is
healthful. Bananas are cultivated to some ex-
tent and sandalwood is exported. The inhabit-
ants, numbering 19..534 in 1889, are of mixed
Melanesian and Polynesian descent and are most-
ly Protestants, The group has belonged to France
since 18(14 and is an administrative dependency
of New Caledonia.
LOYOLA, lo-yo'la, iGXATirs of. The founder
of the Society of Jesus. See lGXATn"S of Loyola.
LOYOLA, Martin Garcia OSez de (c. 1.548-
98). A Spanish cavalier, the nephew of the
Jesuit founder, Ignatius Loyola, and born in
Guipfizcoa, He was one of tlie commanders who
fought in Peru against the Inca, Tupac Amaru
(1572), After the Inca's capture and death
Loyola married his niece, and through her got
control of some of the Inca's large possessions.
He was appointed Captain-General of Cliile in
1692, and from this date until his death was
almost constantly occupied with the Araucanian
campaign. Despite his lack of men and means
he came to the relief of Arauco (1583). He was
finally killed by the Indians, with several of his
followers, between Imperial and Angol,
LOYSON, Iwa'zox', Charles, better known
from his monastic name, as P£re Htacixthe
(1827—). A famous French preacher. He was
born at Orleans, March 10, 1827, and received
his early education at Pau, where his father was
rector of the academy. He studied four years at
the Theological Seminary of Saint Sulpice, Paris,
and was ordained priest in 1851. After ten
years as professor in the seminaries of Avignon
and Nantes, and as priest, he entered the convent
of the barefooted Carmelites in Lyons and, after
two years of novitiate, joined that Order in 1863.
He preached in several cities of France, attract-
ing attention by his eloquence and enthusiasm.
In 1864 he was called to the Madeleine in Paris
and in 1865 to Notre Dame, For his boldness
in denouncing what seemed to him abuses in the
Church he was silenced by the general of his
Order in .luly, 1869, and, in consequence, with-
drew from the Order, His excommunication fol-
lowed. Late in the same j'car he paid a brief
visit to New York, .fter the Vatican Council in
1870 he joined the Old Catholic movement and
was present at the congress in Munich in Sep-
tember, 1871. (See Old Catholics.) In 1872 he
was married in London to an American lady.
In 1873 he was called to Geneva by certain dis-
affected Roman Catholics and founded the first
Old Catholic church there. Not being in full
accord with all members of the party in that
city, he returned lO Paris the following year. In
1879 he founded in Paris the 'Galilean Church'
in comnnmion with the Old Catholic and .Angli-
can churches. Means for the erection of a chapel
were furnished from America, For a number of
years he served this congregation as rector, but
ultimately placed it under the charge of the
'Jansenist' Church of Holland. ( Sec Ja^sexism. )
P6re Hyacinthe gave mucli of his time to travel.
In I900"01 he visited the East, and with his wife
was received by several patriarchs of Oriental
churches. In 1901 he resumed preaching in Old
Catholic and Protestant churches of Switzerland.
P6re Hyacinthe's writings include: La sociM
civile dans ses rapports aiec le christiani»me
(1867); De la rcforme catholique (1872-73);
Programme de la reforme catholique (1879);
Liturgie de I'Eglise catholiquc-gallicane (4th ed,
1883)"; Mon testament (1893)'. He also edited
the periodical Catholique fran^ais.
LOZADA, or LOSADA, lo-sii'DA. :MAxn:L
(c.lS25-73|, A notorious llexican bandit, born
near Tepic of mixed white, Indian, and negro
blood. His associations were chiefly with In-
dians, and he gained mvich influence among
them. He became a cattle-thief and bandit and
levied tribute on the farmers in the valleys. In
the contest between the Liberal and Conservative
parties he favored the latter, but was undis-
turbed by the Liberals while they were in power.
JIaximilian conciliated him and recognized his
title of general. He rebelled in 1872 against the
Juarez Government. Init was defeated by General
Corona and was finallv captured and executed in
1873.
LOZANO, lA-th:i'n6, Pedro' (?-c.1759), A
Catholic missionary, born in Spain, He entered
the Society of Jesiis, and was sent as missionary
to South America, where he became professor in
the College of Cordova at Tucuman. He published
six works, of which the most important were:
Descripcion corogrdfica de terreno. rios. nrho-
les 1/ animales de las dilatadisimas prorlneias
del Gran Chaco Gunlamha g de los ritas g cos-
tumbrcs de las innumernbles naciones hdrharas ^
infieles que le habitati (1733), which is now very
