LUDERITZ. 523 LUDLOW. till 1850, and after his father's death in 1878 succeeded to the management of the business. In 1881 he established a factory at Lagos, and in 1883 he acquired Angra Pequ'ena, which the next year was jilaced under German protection. He was drowned in the Orange River in October, 188G. LtfDEKS^ lu'df-rs, Alex.xder Kikolateitcii, Count (1790-1874). A Russian general, born in the (Jovernmcnt of Podolia. He entered the army when he was a boy. and for fifty yeai-s ( l,S().5-.j(i") served actively, participating ina hundred bat- tles. He ])articularly distinguished himself in 1812, in 1831 at the capture of Warsaw, in the Caucasus ( 1844) , at the defeat of the Hungarians near Schassburg ( 1849) , and in the Crimean War. Appointed Governor of Poland in 18G1, he was recalled after a year of severe rule, and was hon- ored by the Czar with the title of Count. LTID'GATE. A former gate in the western part of the ancient wall of London, so called be- cause it was once supposed to have been built by the British King Lud. The name is presei-ved in the thoroughfare called Ludgate Hill, in Lud- gate Circus, and in the former debtors' prison, removed in the latter part of the eighteenth cen- tury. LUDHIANA, lijud'he-a'na. The capital of a district of the same name in the Jalandhar di- vision. Punjab, British India, on the North Western Railway, 71 miles northwest of Am- bala (Map: India, C 2). It stands on a navi- gable nullah or stream, which joins the Sutlej from the east about 15 miles below the town. It has a considerable grain trade, and is noted for its manufactures of chudders or shawls of soft Rampur wool, its pashmina cloths, turbans, and .scarfs, furniture, and carriages. Its chief features are the fort, the shrine of Abdul Kadir-i- Jalani, the Anglican church, the American Pres- byterian mission, established since 1840. and the public gardens. The town Avas founded in 1480 by two princes of the House of Lodi. Over 30.000 of the inhalntants are Mohammedans. Population, in 1S91, 46,334; in 1901, 48,649. LTTD'INGTON. A city and the county-seat of ilason County. Mich., on Lake Michigan. 105 miles northwest of Grand Rapids, and the ter- minus of the Pere Marquette Railroad (Map: Michigan, Go). It has regular communication by steamer with Chicago, ilihvaukee. and other lake ports, and tli rough freight connection by rail- road ferry with ilanitowoc. Wis., 61 miles across the lake. The manufacture of lumber is the principal industry : but there are also extensive game-l)oard factories, and a large trade in grain, fruit, and salt. The city is a beautiful summer resort, situated at the mouth of the ilarquette River and in a lake region well knoAiTi for its fishing, and has the grounds and cottage of the Epworth League training assembly, and a club- house and park. The water-works are owned by the municipality. Population, in 1890. 7517; in 1900. 7166. LTTDLOW, lud'lo. A municipal borough in Shropshire. England, at the conduenee of the Con-e and Teme. 25 miles south-southeast of Shrewsbury (^lap: England. D 4). It is an old and very intercsling town, and was once a royal residence, surrounded by walls, one of the seven gates of which .still exists. The castle, a magnifi- cent ruin, was one of the most important strong- VOL. XII.— 34. holds against the Welsh. Here Arthur, eldest .son of Henry VII., celebrated his marriage with Catharine of Aragon. afterwards the wife of Henry VIIL; here, in 1034, Jlilton's mask of C'omus was performed for the first time, and here Butler wrote Iludihrns. It succumbed to sieges by King Stei)lien, the Lancastrians, and the Parliamentarians, and was dismantled in 1689. Ludlow has a very old parish church, and its grammar school, founded in 1282, is the oldest in the Kingdom. The town owns markets, a corn exchange, and water-works. Population, in 1891, 4460; in 1901, 4552. Consult: Clive, Bislori/ of Ludlow (London, 1841) ; Wright, Flintory of Lud- loir ( London, 1851). LUDLOW, Edmlxd (c.1617-1092) . An Eng- lish Parliamentarian and regicide. He was born at Maiden-Bradley, Wiltshire; was educated at O.xford; joined the Parliamentary army under Esse.x as a vohmteer, and was at the battle of Edgehill in 1642. After the death of his father he entered Parliament for Wiltshire, and ob- tained command of a regiment of cavalry. He was an ardent republican, denoimced tlic gov- ernment of the King, advocated the establish- ment of a Commonwealth, and supported the bill for the abolition of the House of Lords, lie was one of the judges of Charles I. His independence rendered him obnoxious to Cromwell, wlio sent him after the death of Charles to Ireland in 16.50 with a military command. When Cr<innvell as- sumed the authority of Protector, Ludlow pro- tested against it, being in favor of a republic. Returning to England, he refused unqualified sub- mission to Cromwell. Distrusted on account of this refusal, he was required to give security that he would not oppose the Government, which being privately furnished by his brother Thomas. Lud- low retired into Essex, where he resided till Cromwell died. He then returned, was active in Parliament, and endeavored to restore the Com- monwealth. On the restoration of Charles IL, feeling himself insecure, he fled the countri' in 1660, landed at Dieppe, and then went to Switzer- lanil, taking up his residence at Vevey. Wearied with exile, after the advent of William III., he re- turned to England in 1689, but. being threatened with arrest for participating in the execution of Charles I., he again fled to Vevey. where he died. Over the doorway of his house he had placed the inscription, Omne solum forti patria quia patris. Here he wrote and published his historically valuable Memoirs in 3 vols. (1698-99: new edi- tion by Firth, London, 1894). LUDLOW, FiTZ Hugh ( 1836-70). An Ameri- can aiitlior, liorn in Poughkeepsie, X. Y. He en- tered upon the life of an author when twenty years old, and one year later (1857) published The Hasheesh Eater, which achieved immediate popularity. He next became known as a sketch and story writer, contributing freely to Tlarper's Monthl 11 ami other leading nuigazincs; and. bav- in" made a Western tour, gave an account of his experiences in a work entitled The Heart of the Continent (1870). He also wrote The Opium Hahit ( 18(!S) , designed to be a warning. LUDLOW, James Meekeb (1841 — ). a American clergyman, born in Eliz;ibeth, X. J. He gradtiated at Princeton in 1861, and at the Theological i^eniinary there in 1864: was pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Albany, from 1865 to 1869; of the Forty-eighth Street Collegiate
