neled headland of Le Bouc, which commands an extensive view. The fine Gothic Catliedral of Xotre Dame, the Palais du Roi, dating from 1580, restored, and now tlie grand ducal residence, the town hall with a choice collection of paintings, the barracks containing the museum of antiqui- ties, and the home for the aged, are among the chief public buildings. The educational institu- tions include a theological seminary, atheuieum, and public library. The industrial establishments, comprising cotton and linen mills, tanneries, breweries, dyeworks, etc., are situated in the L'nterstadte. An active general trade is carried on. The city had its origin in the ancient Castle of Liitzelburg. a name which was afterwards changed to Luxemburg. The place was a for- tress of the Germanic Confederation (1815-66), and was garrisoned by Prussian troops, who re- tired in 1867 after the demolition of the forti- fications and the neutrality of Luxemburg had been decided bv the Treatv of London. Popula- tion, in 1895. "19.909: in 'l 900, 20,298.
LUX'OR. A village of Upper Egypt, on the
east bank of the Xile, in about latitude 25° 50'
X.. standing upon the site of ancient Thebes, a
little to the southwest of Karnak (q.v. ). Its
Arabic name El-kusur (plural of el kasr), of
which Luxor is a corruption, means the palaces,
and has reference to the magnificent ruins upon
which the village encroaches. The ruins are the
remains of a great temple built by Amenophis
III., on the site of an ancient sanctuary, and
dedicated to the Theban triad Amnion, ilut. and
Chons. It was not entirely finished at the death
of Amenophis. and his son, the fanatical re-
former, Amenophis IV. (q.v.), caused the name of
Ammon and the reliefs representing the god to be
obliterated throughout the building. Under Seti
I. the reliefs were restored, and Rameses II.
added a great colonnaded court,before whose mas-
sive pylon he erected six colossal statues of
himself. Three of these statues are still in place.
Before the main entrance stood two obelisks
erected by Rameses II. ; one of them is still in
place, while the other now stands in the Place de
la Concorde in Paris. The front of the pylon is
covered with reliefs, representing scenes from the
Asiatic wars of Rameses II., and below the reliefs
is inscribed the poetic account of the battle of
Kadesh on the Orontes, usually known as the
Epic of Pentaur (q.v.). A gate between the
towers of the pylon gave entrance to the great
court of Rameses II., 187 feet long and 168 feet
wide, with a colonnade (7-1 pillars) running
along its four sides. In the northwestern corner
are the remains of a chapel built by Thothmes
III. This court was formerly completely covered
up with rubbish, and houses were built over it ;
the western side has been cleared, but a mosque
still stands over the eastern portion. The walls
of the court are richly adorned with reliefs and
inscriptions, and near the southern end are sev-
eral colossal statues of Rameses II. From the
court a colonnade of several pairs of columns,
each 50 feet high, leads to a second court (148
feet long and IfiS feet broad) built by Amenophis
III. A colonnade, of which a large portion is
well preserved, runs around three sides of it,
while the upper end opens into a hypostyle hall,
its roof supported by thirty-two columns. A door
in the rear wall of the hvpostyle hall leads into a
smaller hall, which in Christian times was used
as a church, the doorway leading to the inner
rooms of the temple being walled up and con-
verted into a niche. The hall is flanked by two
chapels dedicated to the deities ilut and Chous,
respectively, and to the rear is a vestibule upon
which opens a sanetuarj-, built by Amenophis
III., and rebuilt by Alexander the Great, designed
for the reception of the sacred bark of Amnion. To
the east of the vestibule and sanctuary are two
small halls containing reliefs, representing the
birth and accession to the throne of Amenophis
III. To the I'ear is another hall, and into it
opens another sanctuary in which was kept the
sacred image of the god. Consult: Description
de VEgyptc (Paris. 1809-29) ; Lepsius, Deiit-
maler (Berlin, 1849-58) ; Diimichen, Gcschichte
des alien Aegyptrns (Berlin, 1878) ; Vilkin.son,
Topography of Thebes (London, 1835) ; Baedeker,
Aeijypten (4th ed., Leipzig, 1897). See also
Thebes.
LUYNES, li'en', CnABij:s d'Aldert, Duke de
(157S-1021). A French minister and favorite of
Louis XIll. With Vitry, captain of the guard, he
plotted against Concini, the favorite of the Queen
mother, and in 1017, after Concini's assassina-
tion, received the latter's estates and Marquisate
of Ancre, which was then named Albert. Luynes
recalled the old ministers of Hcniy IV. ; effected
the Peace of AngoulOme (1019) ; put down the
Huguenot rebellion of 1021: and played a fairly
clever part in diplomacy, although he .sacrificed
the interests of France at Ulni, and assisted the
projects of Ferdinand II. (1G20). In 1621 he
died suddenly while campaigning against the
Huguenots. See Lons XIII.
LUYNES. HoxoBfi Tii£odokic P. Jo-SEPn
d'Albebt. Duke de (1802-67). A French archa--
ologist. He was born in Paris, and studied lan-
guage and archeology. He was elected to the
Constituent Assembly in 1848. and to the Legis-
lative Assembly in 1849. His works include
Etudes numismatiques (1835) and Essai stir
la numismatique des Satrapies et de la Phinicie
(1846).
LUYS, lu'e', JtTLES Berx.^rd (1828-95). A
French alienist, born in Paris, and educated there.
In 1862 he became physician to the hospitals, and
a year later physician to the SalpOtri&re Hos-
pital and the Ivry Asylum. He be<Mme a mem-
ber of the Academy of Medicine in 1877. He
wrote: Des maladies hcreditaires (1863) : Re-
eherches sur le systcme nerreux cerehro-spinal, sa
structure, ses maladies (1865), crowned by the
Institute; Icoiiographie photographique des cen-
tres nerveux (1873) : Lecons sur la structure et
Ics maladies du sysfhne nerveux (1875) : Traitc
elinique et pratique des maladies mentales
(1881), which gained him the Lallemant prize;
Lemons cliniqucs sur Ics principaux phenomcnes
de Vhupnotisme (1889); and Traitement de la
folic (1894).
LUZAN, loo-than'. Igx.cio de (1702-54). A Spanish author. He spent his youth in Italy, where he learned Greek and Latin, and made himself conversant with several modern languages. His verses in Spanish and his translation of Lachaussi?e's Prcjugc a la modc^are inferior in importance to his Poi'tica (1737), a work in which he proclaims the necessity of correcting the licen.se then prevalent in Spanish literarv production by subjecting it to strict classic rules. As a result of Luziln's endeavors there was soon established in Spain a school of
