LEATHER.
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LEATHERBACK.
ported. The growth of the industry during the last half of the nineteenth century and its distribution into different branches is shown by the accompanying table.
| Year | Number of establishments |
Capital | Wage-earners | Cost of materials used |
Value of products | ||
| Average number |
Total wages | ||||||
| Boots and shoes, factory product | 1900 | 1,600 | $101,795,233 | 142,922 | $59,175,883 | $169,604,054 | $261,028,580 |
| Leather, tanned, curried and finished | 1900 | 1,306 | 173,977,421 | 52,109 | 22,591,091 | 155,000,004 | 204,038,127 |
| Saddlery and harness | 1900 | 12,934 | 43,354,136 | 24,123 | 10,725,647 | 33,127,926 | 62,630,902 |
| Leather goods, pocketbooks, trunks, and valises | 1900 | 772 | 13,505,819 | 14,990 | 6,679,767 | 13,485,761 | 26,905,814 |
| Boots and shoes, custom work and repairing | 1900 | 23,560 | 9,262,134 | 9,698 | 4,128,361 | 8,288,664 | 26,550,678 |
| Boot and shoe, cut stock | 1900 | 342 | 7,003,080 | 6,155 | 2,230,691 | 17,800,282 | 23,242,892 |
| Belting and hose, leather | 1900 | 105 | 7,410,219 | 1,667 | 913,937 | 7,500,413 | 10,623,177 |
| Boot and shoe uppers | 1900 | 132 | 273,796 | 256 | 125,627 | 401,680 | 700,225 |
| Total | 1900 | 40,751 | $356,581,838 | 251,920 | $105,571,004 | $405,208,784 | $615,720,395 |
| Boots and shoes, factory product | 1890 | 2,082 | $95,282,311 | 133,690 | $60,667,145 | $118,785,831 | $220,649,358 |
| Leather, tanned, curried and finished | 1890 | 1,749 | 97,653,898 | 42,095 | 21,090,176 | 122,221,982 | 17l,063,337 |
| Saddlery and harness | 1890 | 7,931 | 35,346,620 | 22,672 | 10,908,918 | 24,674,225 | 52,970,801 |
| Leather goods, pocketbooks, trunks, and valises | 1890 | 613 | 11,148,694 | 10,074 | 4,448,796 | 8,785,822 | 18,814,885 |
| Boots and shoes, custom work and repairing | 1890 | 20,803 | 14,230,081 | 16,981 | 7,422,377 | 10,403,383 | 34,856,651 |
| Boot and shoe, cut stock | 1890 | 344 | 5,401,834 | 4,992 | 1,891,031 | 13,744,655 | 17,903,846 |
| Belting and hose, leather | 1890 | 93 | 4,973,420 | 1,342 | 780,615 | 6,132,704 | 8,663,634 |
| Boot and shoe uppers | 1890 | 317 | 1,216,026 | 1,353 | 609,324 | 1,902,926 | 3,343,002 |
| Leather, dressed skins | 1890 | 38 | 434,800 | 297 | 159,813 | 724,739 | 1,072,755 |
| Total | 1890 | 33,970 | $265,687,684 | 233,496 | $107,978,195 | $307,376,267 | $529,308,269 |
| Boots and shoes, factory product | 1880 | 1,959 | $42,994,028 | 111,152 | $43,001,438 | $102,442,442 | $166,050,354 |
| Leather, tanned, curried and finished | 1880 | 5,426 | 67,117,674 | 34,887 | 14,062,456 | 145,320,852 | 184,865,633 |
| Saddlery and harness | 1880 | 7,999 | 16,508,019 | 21,446 | 7,997,762 | 19,968,716 | 38,081,643 |
| Leather goods, pocketbooks, trunks, and valises | 1880 | 378 | 3,961,256 | 6,998 | 2,737,726 | 5,951,039 | 11,068,749 |
| Boots and shoes, custom work and repairing | 1880 | 16,013 | 11,364,273 | 22,667 | 7,993,706 | 12,524,133 | 30,870,127 |
| Boot and shoe, cut stock | 1880 | 172 | 1,210,300 | 2,885 | 735,482 | 5,939,249 | 7,531,635 |
| Belting and hose, leather | 1880 | 97 | 2,749,299 | 1,229 | 607,287 | 5,021,203 | 6,531,249 |
| Boot and shoe uppers | 1880 | 81 | 209,264 | 437 | 170,425 | 448,104 | 790,842 |
| Leather, dressed skins | 1880 | 202 | 6,266,237 | 5,395 | 2,441,372 | 11,063,265 | 15,399,311 |
| Total | 1880 | 32,327 | $152,380,350 | 207,096 | $79,747,644 | $308,679,003 | $461,189,543 |
| Leather, tanned, curried and finished | 1870 | 7,459 | $59,784,362 | 34,345 | $14,108,201 | $116,469,899 | $154,377,625 |
| Saddlery and harness | 1870 | 7,607 | 13,935,961 | 23,557 | 7,046,207 | 16,068,310 | 32,709,981 |
| Leather goods, pocketbooks, trunks, and valises | 1870 | 295 | 2,638,389 | 4,329 | 2,171,416 | 3,889,695 | 9,091,543 |
| Boots and shoes | 1870 | 23,428 | 48,994,366 | 135,889 | 51,972,712 | 93,582,528 | 181,644,090 |
| Belting and hose, leather | 1870 | 91 | 2,118,577 | 808 | 454,187 | 3,231,204 | 4,558,043 |
| Leather, dressed skins | 1870 | 110 | 1,340,450 | 898 | 397,574 | 2,099,735 | 2,859,972 |
| Total | 1870 | 38,990 | $128,812,105 | 199,826 | $76,150,297 | $235,341,371 | $385,241,254 |
| Leather, tanned, curried and finished | 1860 | 5,175 | $38,908,170 | 26,145 | $8,144,278 | $49,534,318 | $75,318,475 |
| Saddlery and harness | 1860 | 3,621 | 6,478,184 | 12,285 | 4,150,365 | 6,606,415 | 14,169,037 |
| Leather goods, pocketbooks, trunks, and valises | 1860 | 214 | 1,244,000 | 3,160 | 901,741 | 1,990,573 | 4,163,956 |
| Boots and shoes | 1860 | 12,486 | 23,357,627 | 123,026 | 30,938,080 | 42,728,174 | 91,889,298 |
| Boot and shoe, cut stock | 1860 | 1 | 25,000 | 15 | 8,184 | 31,400 | 149,740 |
| Belting and hose, leather | 1860 | 46 | 588,000 | 354 | 134,952 | 915,271 | 1,481,750 |
| Leather, dressed skins | 1860 | 13 | 117,450 | 101 | 31,230 | 278,341 | 380,272 |
| Total | 1860 | 21,556 | $70,718,431 | 165,086 | $44,308,830 | $102,084,492 | $187,552,528 |
| Leather, tanned, curried and finished | 1850 | 26,664 | $22,582,795 | 25,379 | $6,492,130 | $26,038,743 | $42,932,528 |
| Saddlery and harness | 1850 | 3,515 | 3,969,379 | 12,958 | 3,154,008 | 4,427,006 | 9,935,474 |
| Leather goods, pocketbooks, trunks, and valises | 1850 | 165 | 522,610 | 2,142 | 543,840 | 1,056,835 | 2,213,363 |
| Boots and shoes | 1850 | 11,305 | 12,924,919 | 105,254 | 21,622,608 | 23,848,374 | 53,967,408 |
| Belting and hose, leather | 1850 | 8 | 40,800 | 39 | 15,208 | 111,785 | 160,500 |
| Leather, dressed skins | 1850 | 22 | 192,000 | 216 | 49,548 | 391,138 | 525,370 |
| Total | 1850 | 41,679 | $40,232,503 | 145,988 | $31,877,342 | $55,873,881 | $109,734,643 |
Bibliography. Consult Sadtler, Handbook of Industrial Organic Chemistry (Philadelphia, 1895); Davis, The Manufacture of Leather (Philadelphia, 1897); Standage, Leatherworker's Manual (London, 1900); Stevens, Leather Manufacture (Saint Louis, 1891); and Watt, The Art of Leather Manufacture (London, 1897).
LEATHERBACK, Leathery Turtle, or Luth. A large oceanic turtle (Sphargis coriacea) distinguished prominently by having the
