MACDONAID. 607 McDonald. the German (ISII7). In lS(i2 appeared Dniid iJlijiiibrod, a mnel in the ilialocl of Al)er(lcen, which was fcillowed by The I'orlent (18()4) ; Akc Forbes of lloirijUn (1805); Annals of u Quiet Jscigltboiirhood (1800); The ticaboiird I'urish (1808); Robert Falconer (1868); lli7/>id Cum- lermede (1871); Malcolm (1874); Thomas Wingfold, Curate (1870) ; The Marquis of Lossie (1877) ; air (iibbie (1879) ; M'hat's Mine's Mine (1886) ; Lililh (1895) ; Salted with Fire (1897), and several others. These Scotch novels, rather poorly- constructed, but excellent in tone, were widely popular. They are historically the con- necting link between .John Gait (q.v.) and the school of J. M. Barrie (q.v.). Macdonald also wrote several books especially for the young, as Dealings nith the Fairies (1807), At the Back of the North Wind (1870), and The Princess and the Goblin (1871). Among his religious works are Unspoken Sermons (1866-09), and The Mir- acles of Our Lord (1870). MACDONALD, Sir Hector (1853-1903). A British general, born in Scotland, the son of a laboring man. He enlisted in the 92d Gordon Highlanders in 1870, served nine years in the ranks, and in 1880 for bravery in" the Afghan War was gazetted second lieutenant. He served in the Kabul and Kandahar campaign, in the Boer War of ISSl, where, thanks to the admira- tion roused by his bravery, he w'as captured alive at Majuba Hill, and distinguished himself at Suakini in 1888 and in the Nile campaign of 1889. In 1897, after commanding a brigaile in the Dongola expeditionary force, he was put at the head of the Egyptian brigade and took a' prominent part at Abu-Hamed, at Atbara, and at Khartum. He was appointed aide-de-camp to the Queen, and after ilagersfontein was or- dered from the Sirhind district in India to the command of the Highland Brigade, which he suc- cessfully reorganized. Macdonald was promoted K.C'.B. in 1900, and was a member of the Dis- tinguished Service Order. Transferred in 1901 from the southern and Belgaum district in India to Ceylon, he was suddenly summoned home to meet a charge of immoral conduct, and com- mitted suicide in a Paris hotel on March 25, 1903. MacDONALD, James Wilson Alexander (1824 — ). An American sculptor, born in Stcu- bcnville, Oliio. He studied in Saint Louis under Waugh and in New York City in 1849. His first ideal works were ".Joan of Arc" and "Italia." His portrait statues include those of Edward Bates (1870) in Forest Park, Saint Louis; of Fitz-Greene Halleck. in Central Park, New York City (1877) : of Cieneral Custer at West Point; and he also made busts of Washington (in Pros- pect Park, Brooklyn) and of Bryant, Cooper, and 'eed. He prepared other busts of Washington from Houdin's original model, which he owned. He was an author and lecturer in art. MACDONALD, Sir John Alexander (1815- 91). A Canadian statesman. He was born iri Glasgow, Scotland. January 11, 1815. With his parents he emigrated in childhood to Canada, was educated at Kingston Grammar School, studied law, and was called to the bar in 1830, He was returned to Parliament in 1844 as Conservative member for Kingston, Ontario, and soon distin- guished himself by forcible oratory and self-con- trol. In 1847 he became a member of the Exec- utive Council and Keceiver-General, and in 1854 entered a coalition Cabinet as Attorney-General for Lpper Canada, holding office till 1862, when the Ministry resigned, upon the de- feat of the ililitia Bill that he had introduced to place Canada on a self-defensive basis. In 1864 he entered the Cabinet of Sir E. P. Tache as At- tornej'-Gcneral. A coalition was now formed be- tween the leaders of the Government and the opposition on the bill to unite all British Ameri- ca under a federal government, a project which had been facilitated by the unauthorized part that Macdonald had taken in the incipient con- ference, earlier in the same year, at Charlotte- town. P. E. I. On the establishment of the Do- minion of Canada (q.v.) in 1807, Macdonald was eajled upon to form the first Government, and was made ilinister of Justice and Attorney-Gen- eral. The Cabinet resigned in 1873. He was in- strumental in securing the construction of the Intercolonial and Pacific railways, as a contin- gent to the federation policy. In 1870 he was one of the British commissioners appointed to settle the Alabama claims and other dilficullies between the British Government and the I'nited States, and was one of the signers of the Treaty of Washington in 1871. The protection of native industries constituted a successful election plat- form in 1878, when he formed another Cabinet, taking himself the post of Minister of the In- terior, which he filled for several years after- wards, holding various Government positions. He was equallv successful in the elections of 1882, 1887, and 1891, in the last of which he made a strong attack upon reciprocity with the I'nited States. He died at Earnscliffe Hall, near Ot- tawa, on June 0, 1891. Consult: Macpher.son, Life of Sir John Macdonald (Toronto, 1892) ; Collins, Life and Career of Sir John Macdonald (Toronto, 1891); Pope, Memoirs of Sir John Alexander Macdonald (London, 1894). McDonald, .John Sanufield (1812-72). A Canadian statesman, born at Saint Rajihaels, Glengarry. He was admitted to the bar in 1840, and in 1841 was elected to the Parlijmcnt of the United Provinces. In 1843, 1848, 18.52, and 1854 he was reelected, and from 1849 to 1851 was So- licitor-Cieneral, From 1852 to 1854 he w-as Speaker of Parliament, in 1857 sat in Par- liament for Cornwall, and was from 1862 to 1864 Premier under Lord Monk. In 1867 he be- came Premier of Ontario Province, and in 1871 resigned. He was extremely independent in all phases of political affairs, McDonald, .Tosepu EwaNO (1819-91). An American politician. He was born in Butler County. Ohio, and was educated at Wabash Col- lege, Crawfordsville, Ind., and at .sbury (now De Pauw) I'niversity. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1844, and in the following year established himself in practice in Craw- fordsville. where from 1845 to 1847 he was county prosecuting attorney. In 1848 he was eleoted to Congiess as a Democrat, but in 1850 was de- feated for rei=Ieetion. He was Attorney-General of Indiana from 1856 to 1800, and afterwards practiced privately in Indianapolis, In 1864 he was the Democratic candidate for Governor, but was defeated by Oliver P. Morton. Tn 1872 he became chairman of the Democratic State Com- mittee, and his efforts in this capacity resulted in the choice of a Democratic Legislature, which in 1875 elected !iim to the United States Senate.
