MANBY. 779 MANCHESTER. MAN'BY, Geobge WiLLiAsi (1765-1854). An English inventor of life-saving apparatus, born in hiulJ'olk. He served seven jears in the militia, and in 1803 was appointed barrack-master at Yarmouth. In 1807 he began working on his life-saving apparatus, bv which in 1808 he saved the crew of the stranded brig Elizaheth. He twice received grants of money from Parliament, to which were added honorary distinctions from many foreign governments. It was estimated that by the time of his death nearly 1000 per- sons had been rescued from stranded ships by means of his apparatus. His publications in- clude An Essai/ on the Preservation of Ship- vrecked Persons, with a Descriptive Account of the Apparatus (1812). MAJICE, m!i>-s, .Je.xxe ( 1006-73) . A French philanthropist, born at Xogent-le-Roi. Her reli- gious feeling was intense and she early vowed perpetual chastity, though she felt no inclination to become a nun. Influenced by the story of Madame de la Peltrie, she blindly determined to go to Canada and in 1641 went to La Eochelle to embark. While there she met Dau- versi&re. who was founding a religious community to maintain a hospital at Montreal in honor of Saint Joseph, and determined to go with Jlaison- neuve (q.v.) and his men. Three other women at the last moment joined the expedition, which spent the first winter at Quebec, going to Montreal in 1642. The hospital was built with funds furnished by Madame de Bullion, and Jllle. Mance was in charge. She became second only to Maisonneuve in importance to the colony, as many executive details fell to her, in addition to her care of the sick and her work for the conversion of the In- dians. She made several trips to France to secure aid in the work and stimulate the flagging zeal of the Associates of Montreal. She was also influential in bringing about the cession of the island to the Sulpitians, when the Associates were about to disband in 1057 (though the ces- sion did not take effect for several years), and served as head of the Sisters of Saint Joseph until her death. Consult Faillon, Vie de Mile. Mance et histoire de I'Botel Dieu de Villemarie dans Vile de Montreal en Canada (Villemarie, 1854). MANCH, nuinsh. or MAUNCH (OF., Fr. manche, sleeve, from Lat. manicce. sleeve, hand- cuff, from manus, hand). A frequent charge in English heraldry, meant to represent a sleeve with long pendant ends, of the form worn by ladies in the reign of Henry I. See Heraldry. MANCHA, man'cha. La. A district of Spain, in the provinces of Ciudad Real and Albacete, forming the southernmost part of the Kingdom of Xew Castile (Map: Spain, C 3). It is a level, arid, and treeless plateau, nearly 2000 feet above -i-a-level. and for the most part covered with es|)arto grass, which is an article of export. The upper waters of the Guadiana run through the territory with a sluggish flow. In spite of the dr>'ness of the region, it produces considerable quantities of wine and grain. It is celebrated in Cervantes's novel Don Quixote de la Mancha. MANCHE, niiixsh. La. A maritime depart- ment in the northwest of France, part of the old Province of Normandy CMap: France. E 2). Area. 2289 square miles. Population, in 1896, 500.052; in 1901, 491.372. It derives its name — signifying sleeve — from the configuration of Vol. XII.— 30. the English Channel (Fr. La Manche), which borders its shores on three sides. The chief har- bor on its coasts is Cherbourg. The surface of the department is irregular, being traversed from north to south by the Cotentin Hills. The Vire, the Douve, and the Selune are the chief rivers. Flax, hemp, and fruit are extensively cul- tivated, and apples are grown. Horses of the famous Norman breed and excellent cattle are raised. Capital, Saint-L6. MANCHESTER, man'ches-ter. A city, civic county, iiuuiicipal and Parliamentary borough, and inland port of Lancashire, England, the great centre of the cotton manufacture, on the Irwell, 32 miles east-northeast of Liverpool, and 188 miles north-northwest of London (ilap: Eng- land, D 3). The principal public buildings are the Gothic Town Hall, built at the cost of more than a million pounds sterling; the Royal In- firmary, the Royal Exchange, the Royal Institu- tion, all in the Grecian style; the Free Trade Hall, in composite, and the Assize Courts, in decorated Gothic; many of the mercantile estab- lishments are palatial in appearance. Among ecclesiastical buildings the cathedral, commonly called tlie 'Old Churcli,' begun in 1422, is a very fine Gothic structure ; Saint .John's Catholic Cathedral, the Church of the Holy Name, and Cavendish Independent Church, are beautiful specimens of modern Gothic. The nonconformist churches outnumber the Episcopal churches two to one. Of numerous public monuments the most notable are a Prince Albert memorial in Albert Square, a bronze statue of Richard Cobden in Saint Ann's Square, one of Cromwell (unveiled in 1875) at the foot of Victoria Street, and one of Queen Victoria in Piccadilly, ilanchester is en- circled by populous suburban municipalities, con- nected by rail and tramways, and on the west side of the Irwell is the borough of Salford, connected by numerous bridges, and considered as virtually a portion of the city. Both boroughs were en- franchised by the Reform Bill of 1832, Manches- ter returning two members and Salford one mem- ber to Parliament. The redistribution of seats in 1885 gave Manchester six members and Salford three. Manchester was incorporated in 1838 and Salford in 1844. Manchester was made a bishop- ric in 1847, and received the title of city in 1853. In 1885, in 1890, and in 1894 the municipal boundaries were enlarged and the suburbs of Bradford. Rusholme, Blackley, Kirkmanshulme, ilorton, Newton Heath, Openshaw. and Gorton were included within the city limits. For pur- poses of administration, JIanchcster is divided into 25 wards, and is governed by a city council of 78 councilors and 26 aldermen ; the mayor is elected by the council. The coimcil elects from its own members sixteen standing committees which supervise the various municipal departments. ^Manchester derives a revenue of over .$4,000,000 from its city rates, which is more than sufficient for all its municipal needs, taken together with the profitable undertakings which the city owns. Until 1847 the water supply was controlled by a private company and was so msatisfactor- that the city took it over. Nearly .$10,000,000 were spent in the next 28 years in enlarging the plant. In 1874 Parliament passed a bill authorizing the city to get a new supply from Thirlmere. a lake over 90 miles distant, which was subse- quently acquired by the city. This installation enables the city corporation to supply with
