MANGE. 795 MANGO. Where the general healtli is indifferent, as in clironic cases, the patient should be liberally fed, kept clean and comfortable, have an occasional alterative dose of any simple saline medicine, such as nitre "or common salt, and a course of such tonics as iron or arsenic. Cleanliness and occasional washing and brushing maintain the skin in a healthy state, and thus prevent its becoming a suitable place for the mites. The most suitable and convenient method for treat- ing the so-called psoroptie scabies or mange of cattle is to build large dipping vats and plunge the allected cattle into a dip containing lime and sulphur. MANGEL-WURZEL, man'g'l-wflr'z'l (Ger., bect-rcjoti, or Fiklu Beet. A general name for the varieties of the common beet (Beta vulgaris) , now extensively grown in temperate climates, especially in Evirope, for the feeding of cattle, sheep, and swine. Formerly only garden varieties of the beet were grown, but during the last cen- tury larger, coarser varieties suitable for fodder came into promi- nence. The different varieties of field beets are generally divided into four gi'oups : first, accord- ing to their shape, which is either long or more or less glob- iilar; and second, their exterior color, red or yellow. The long red and long yellow varieties pro- duce the heaviest yields, but are usu- ally coarse and fibrous and of low feeding value as compared with other varieties. A num- ber of varieties of this group with twisted roots are known as the ox- horn varieties; the intermediate forms, ^Iso known as gate post varieties, have large oval roots with red, yellow, or orange skins. The tankard varieties, which are of uniform width except at the abruptly tapering exti'em- ities. are shorter than either the long or the intermediate varieties. The mangel-wurzel is best adapted to deep clayey loam soils, moist but well drained, well tilled, and rich in plant food. In countries where this root has a place in the rotation of crops a heavy dressing of barnyard manure is incorporated in the soil before planting the seed, which is done in early spring. Six or eight pounds of seed are used to the acre in drills about two feet apart, the distance between the plants in a row being about one foot. To insure quick and equal germination, the seed is often steeped in warm water before planting. Close planting gives smaller and relatively more nutritious roots. During the growing season the crop is hoed by means of the cultivator or the hand-hoe to keep the surface loose and free from weeds. Since the roots are injured by frost, the harvesting should be done before freezing occurs, the roots being dug by Vol. XII.— 51. MAXGEL-WrRZEL. hand or lifted with an implement designed for the purpose; and if properly liarvested without bruis- ing, which induces decay, and well stored in a cool cellar or in pits, they will keep till late in the spring. The yield usually ranges from 18 lo 25 tons per acre. Feeding value of mangel-wurzel averages the following percentage composition: water, 00.9; protein, 1.4; fat, 0.2; nitrogen-free extract, 5.5; crude fibre, 0.9; and ash, 1.1. Like most roots, they are very succulent. The food value is chiefly dependent upon the starch and other carbohydrates making up the nitrogen- free extract. Roots of all kinds are much more commonly fed in Europe than in the United States. In Great Britain they replace much of the forage and grain in the ration of stock, as much as 20 pounds being fed daily to sheep, and 100 pounds to cattle, ilangel-wurzel are chiefly used in the United States to give variety to the ration and are fed iir smaller quantities. They are most often fed to dairy cows, 20 to 30 pounds being a fair daily allowance. They are sometimes fed to slieep, and boiled and mixed with meal they fur- nish good feed for pigs. Like other roots, they should be sliced for sheep, and sliced or pulped for cattle. Some feeders believe that they are valuable not because they themselves induce greater gains* but because they stimtilate the ap- petite for other feeds and tend to keep the ani- mal in good physical condition. MAN'GIN, Edw.rd (1772-1852). An English writer on literary topics, born in London, July 15, 1772. He went to Balliol College, Ox- ford, where he graduated B.A. in 1793, and il.A. in 1795. Entering the Irish Church, he held pre- bendal stalls in Killaloe Cathedral, and in Saint Patrick's. Dublin. Having a comfortable income, he passed most of his time at Bath, where he became known for his pleasing conversation and literary attainments. He died at Bath, October 17, 1852. Among his publications are: The Deserted Citt/, or Bath in Summer, a parody on Goldsmith's Deserted Villaffe (1805); An Essay on Light Reading (1808) ; Utopia Found: An Apologi/ for Irish Absentees (1813) ; An In- tercepted Epistle from a Person in Bath to His Friend in London (three editions. 1815); Pioz- siana: Recollections of Mrs. Pio:zi (1833); Va- Oaries in Verse (1835); Miscellaneous Essai/s '(1851). MANGLE (Dutch mangel: connected with Ger. Mange, mangle. Icel. mangi. rnangoncl, from ML. manganum, from Gk. ixd'iyavov, munganon, instrument for throwing stones). A madiine for smoothing linen and cotton goods, such as tablecloths, sheets, etc.. after washing, by pass- ing between rollers. See L.rxnRY i[.ciirxERT. MANGO, m:in'g6 (from JIalay mangga. Tamil manic, mango-fruit), Mangifera. A genus of about 25 species of evergreen trees of the natural order Anacardiacea?. natives of India and the Malay Peninsula. The common mango (Mangi- fera indica) is a spreading tree of rapid growth, which attains a height of 40 feet or more, but whose undivided trunk is rarely more than 10 feet long. The foliage is very dense, forming a welcome shade. Its leaves are entire, lanceolate, shining, six to eight inches long. The flowers are rather small, reddish white or yellow, borne in dense panicles. The fruit is more or less kidney- shaped, smooth. var-ing in size and color with different varieties, and contains a large flattened
