MABTINEZ. 117 MARTINI. Espai'ia (ilcxico, lOOfi) ; Dinciirfio sobrr la magna conjunciSn de los pUniclas Jupiter y tiaturno acaccidfi en .2'i Dicicmbrc 1603 en Hagitario (Jlcxiiii. Iil04i : and ;i Tralado de trigonomelria. MARTINEZ CAMPOS, mar-tC-'nath kUiii'pSs, Absexio (1S34-1900). A Spanish general and statesman, born at Segovia. December 14. 18.'54. He served on General O'Donnell's staff in the campaign of Slorocco, 185!), was with Prim dur- ing Spain's brief ])artieipation in Mexican alTairs in 18(il, and joined the army in Cuba in 1869, remaining until 1872. On the abdication of King Amadeus (q.v.), in 187.3, he refused adherence to the new order, and his unconcealed enmity to the Republic led to his arrest and imprisonment as a conspirator. On December 29, 1874. at Murivcdro, in conjunction w-ith General .Jovellar, he' proclaimed the son of the deposed Queen Isabella, Alfonso XII., King of Spain. The army followed his lead, a ministerial regency under Canovas del Castillo was formed, and in .January, 1875, the youthful Alfonso was established in ikladrid an<l the monarchy was restored. jMar- tinez Campos brought the civil war to a success- ful issue by the defeat of the Carlists at Peua de Plata, ( 187(i) , and was rewarded by the gift of the highest rank in the army. In the same j'ear he was sent to Cuba to conduct the military opera- tions against the insurgents. The central insur- gent committee submitted in 1878. and, the insur- rection being at an end, Martinez Campos retvirned to Spain and became the advocate of a just and liberal policy toward the colony. Canovas del Castillo resigned March 7, 1879, and Martinez Campos headed a new Ministry, but was unable to hold power for many months. Upon his re- turn to office, however, Canovas carried out the main features of the General's Cuban programme. In 1S81 Martinez Campos made a coalition with the Liberal leader Sagasta (q.v.). which lasted until 1884, and was Minister of War vmder him. In 1880. in 1891, and in 1899 he wa-s president of the Senate. In 1893, as Governor of Cata- lonia, he found it necessary to suppress anarchist riots in Barcelona, occasioned by the new taxes of the Government, and unsuccessful at- tempts were made to assassinate him and his family. He was sent to Cuba as Captain-General upon the outbreak of a now insurrection in 1895, in the hope that he would repeat his former suc- cess as a pacificator ; but he was recalled in January. 1896. and thereafter took part as a Moderate Liberal in the endeavor to bring about a reorganization of Spanish affairs and a restora- tion of prosperity. He died September 23, 1900. MARTINEZ DE LA ROSA, dfi la ro'sa, Fraxcisco (1789-1862). A Spanish statesman and man of letters. He was born in Granada, March 10, 1789; studied law at the University of Granada, and was appointed lecturer on ethics there when less than twenty years old. The French had just invaded Spain, and he en- tered enthusiastically into the national move- ment. He was employed by the .Jimta of Granada to procure arms and supplies at Gibraltar, and he afterwards went to England on the same errand. There, in 1811. his first poem. Znrngo;:a, was published. On his return to Spain, he produced, at Cadiz, a tragedy called La riuda de Padilla. which was .successful, and was followed by a comedy, Lo qtie puedc tin em- pleo, satirizing political life. In 1813 he was returned to the Cortes from Granada, and at once took a high position as an orator. He was a supporter of the Constitution of 1812, on the abolition of which, in 1814, Martinez was sen- tenced to imprisonment for ten years. Released by the insurrection of 1820, he was for a short time head of the Ministry, but resigned and took up his residence in Paris. Between 1827 and 1837 he published a collection of his OI}ras liter- arias in five volumes. In 1830 he was permitted to return to Sjjain, and began to write an his- torical novel. Bona Isabel de Solis. In March, 1834, he became the head of a Liberal Ministry, and was the author of the royal statute of 18.34 which created a constitutional government and took away the ancient privileges of the provinces. Martinez de la Rosa became more and nKU'e un- popular, and in 1835 he resigned. On the fall of Queen Maria Christina in 1840 he went to Paris, and resumed the composition of Espirilu del sirjlo, a work dealing with the French Revolu- tion, which had been begun in 1835. Upon the fall of Espartero he entered in May, 1844. the Narvaez Cabinet, and was from 1847 to 1851 Ambassador to Paris. He died at Madrid, Februarv 7, 1862. Consult Godard, Martinez de la iJosa."( Paris, 1862). MARTINEZ DE ROZAS, da ro'sas, .Juan (1759-1813). A Chilean patriot, born at Men- doza, Argentine Republic. He was educated at the University of Cordoba, and for many years was intendant of the city of Concepcion. He was a man of advanced ideas, and his Republican sen- timents were a dominant influence throughout South Chile. When Carraseo was Captain-Gen- eral, Rozas was his secretary (1808). and in this capacity put into practice many reforms. On the outbreak of the Revolution he was made a mem- ber of the Junta (1810), where his popularity was unbounded ; but later the Revolutionists quarreled among themselves and Rozas was de- feated and banished. MARTINI, niiir-te'ne. Giambattista (Padre Martini) (1706-84). An Italian composer and writer on music. He was born at Bologna and studied the elements of music under his father and Padre Predieri, and counterpoint under An- tonio Riecieri. In 1729 he entered a Franciscan monastery, after having served as choir-master at the Church of San Francesco, Bologna, since 1725. He wrote Uyo of the most learned treati.ses on music of the eighteenth century — Storia delta musiea and Saggio di contrappunto. Jlany of his compositions are in manuscript at Vienna and Bologna. His fame as a teacher of composi- tion was very great. He was a firm adherent of the Roman school of composition, and wrote a considerable number of works in that style. He died in Bologna. MARTINI, SiMONE, wrongly called Simone Memmi (1284-1344). The chief painter of the early .Sienese school. Of his life we know that he was born in Siena, and that he painted frescoes in the churches and public buildings of Siena. Assisi, Naples, and Orvieto. In 1339 he was called by Benedict XII. to the Papal Court at Avignon, where he worked with his brother Donato in the decoration of the Papal palace. He died at --Avignon in 1344. With the exception of a few portraits, his sub- jects were di'awn from Bible stories and legends of the saints and of the early Church. His
