MARYSVILLE. 133 MASAI. «line, it had become the third city in size in the State. MARYSVILLE. A city and the county-seat of Marshall County, Kan", 113 miles west of Saiul Joseph, Mo. ;'on the Big Blue Kiver, and on the Union Pacific and the Saint Joseph and Grand Island railroads (ilap: ICansas, F 2). It has good water power, and there are manufac- tures of Hour, foundry and machine-shop prod- ucts, cigars, etc. Population, in 1890, 1913; in 1900, 2000. MARYSVILLE. A village and the county- seat of Union County, Ohio, 28 miles northwest of Columbus; on ilill Creek, ami at the junction of the Toledo and Ohio Central and the Cleve- land, Cincinnati, Chicago and Saint Louis rail- roads (Map: Ohio, D 5). It is surrounded by a farming country and has some manufactures. There are a public school library, and a sub- scription library maintained b' the Lilu'ary and Reading Room Association. Population, in 1890, 2810; in 1900, 3048. MA'EYVILLE. A city and the county-seat of Nodaway County, Mo., 45 miles north of Saint Joseph;" on the Kansas City, Saint Joseph and Council Bluffs (Burlington Roiite) and the Omaha and Saint Louis railroads (Map; Jlis- souri. B 1). It has Maryville Seminary. Among the industrial establishments are (lour and feed mills, brick and tile works, a grain elevator, firandry, carriage works, and lumber mill. A large trade in grain, cattle, and hogs is carried on.' Population, in 1890, 4037; in 1900, 4577. MARYVILLE. A village and the county- seat of Blount County, Tenn., 16 miles south of Knoxville ; on the Knoxville and Augusta Rail- road (ilap: Tennessee, H 5). It is surrounded by a farming covintry, and has flour, woolen, and planing mills. The village possesses a fine court- iiouse, a normal school, and Freedmen's Normal Institute (Friends), and is the seat of Maryville College (Presbyterian), which was founded here in 1819, Mary'ille having Ijeen settled as early at 1795. Population, in 1890, 1086; in 1900, over 2000. MARZIALS, m;ir'z5-olz, Fr. pron. miir'ze'al', TuKoriiiLE Julius Hekry (1850—). An Eng- lish poet and composer, born in Brussels. His father was a Frenchman ; his mother, a York- sliirc woman. He passed his boyhood in Brussels and in Switzerland. In 1870 he obtained a posi- tion in the musical department of the British Mu- seum, and was subsequently employed to cata- logue the Neo-Hellenic and Provencal books. In 1872 he published for private circulation a pas- toral called the Passionate Doirsiihelhi, repub- lished the next year in A Gallon/ of Firieons, and Other Poems,. The volume, showing some pre- Raphaelite influence, contains poems of striking beauty. Afterwards he composed, with their music, many delightful songs. His ballads in Old English style have been especially popular in Kngland and elsewhere. In 1882 appeared Old Sonfis, Arranged roith Accompaniments. MASACCIO, nia-sat'cho. properly ToMMASo CriDi (1401 28). A Florentine painter of the e;irly Renaissance. He was born at Castello San fJiovanni. in the Vaf d'.rno, on December 21, 1401. His slovenly and disorderly habits gained for him the nickname of Masaccio. From his j-outh he showed an extraordinary natural ability, which when develoi)ed by continual study and the training of Uouatello, Brunelleschi, and especially Ghibcrti, made possible fm- him au excellence in style and execution previously nnat- tained by the painters of Italy. He entered the guild of the Speziali iu 1421 and was enrolled in the guild of the Painters in 1424. lie worked in Pisa and Florence, and in 1420 produced the frescoes in San Clemente, Rome. The return of the Medici from exile iu 1420 made it profitable for him to take up his work again in Florence. The next eight years were spent in painting frescoes in the Braneacci Cliapel, Florence, ujion which our knowledge of his art and style is based. Of the series in the chapel Masaccio painted seven, viz.: "The Expulsion from Para- dise," The Tribute Money," "The Resuscitation of the King's Son" (finished by Filii)pino Lippi), "Saint Peter 'in Cathedra,' " ""Saint Peter Bap- tizing," "Peter Almsgiving," and "Peter and John Healing the Sick." The art of Masaccio, w'hile showing the influence of the religious idealist Angelico, and continuing the intellectual and humanistic traditions of Giotto and Gaddi. was essentially individual. He was preeminently indebted to Ghiberti for the stimulus that really determined his artistic char- acter. Ghiberti had successfully worked out in pictorial relief many of the in-oblems toward whose solution the fourteenth-century masters had been groping. The solution of these problems in values, perspective, and movement Masaccio instinctively transferred to painting — a process, unconscious, perhaps, that made possible the art of Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael, and marks an era in the history of the world's paint- ing. In these paintings the master has been able, through the elimination of irrelevant de- tail and a portrayal of the significant, to present for the first time artistic reality. The chapel thus decorated formed a veritable school where the master naturalists of Florence drew nnich of their inspiration. Masaccio painted a fresco of the "Trinity" in Santa Maria Novella, Flor- ence, and an altar-piece for the Church of the Carmine in Pisa, part of which is now in the Berlin jNIuseum, which also possesses the "Con- finement of a Florentine Lady" attributed to him. To avoid financial troubles, it is supposed, the painter.left Florence for Rome in 1427, where he disappeared. The only record of his end was the legend on Masaccio's tax record of 1428, "Dicesi 6 morto in Roma." Bibliography. Vasari, Vite, ed. Milanesi (Florence, 1878; Eng. trans, b^y Blashfleld and Hopkins; New York. 1890) ; Crowe and Caval- casellc. nistorji of Paintincj in Itahj (London, 1860) : Knudtzon, Masaccio or/ den fiorcntinske malcrkonst (Copenhagen, 1875) ; Delaborde, JjC.t ceuvres et la maniere de Masaccio (Paris, 1876) ; Woltmann, in Dohme. Ktinst uiid Kiinstler Italiens (Leipzig. 1877) ; Schmarsow, Masaccio- f!liidien[Casse, 189;')), the most complete modern treatise. For reproductions of the Braneacci frescoes, see the publicalions of the Arundel So- ciety, with text by Layard (London, 1868). MASAI, ma'sl. A mixed Ethiopian-NcHro people in British East Africa, east of Lake Vic- toria, belonging to the Niam-Niam or Zandeh group. They are divided into the nomad jMasai or 11 Oikob. and the settled Masai or Wa Kwafi, the latter having been forced to become agricul- turists, both on account of the plague which
