MASON. 143 MASON. and codifvinf; the t^tate laws. In IS.'J'Z he re- ' moved lo Boston, where, until his age compelled
- him to retire, he maintained the liigh reputa-
j tion which lie had previously won. j MASON, John (1580-10.35). The founder of I New Hampshire. He was born at Lynn Regi.s, Norfolk, England; served in 1010 in the navy; in 1010 went to Newfoundland as Governor of the colony, and in 1G20 published a description of the country, to which he added a map in 1020. He explored the New England coasts in 1017; in 1022 obtained a grant of a region called Mari- ana, now the northeastern ])art of Massachu- setts; in the same year, in connection with Sir Ferdinando Gorges, procured a patent for the Province of ilaine; and in 102:i sent a colony to the Piscataqua River. In 1629 he obtained a pat- ent for the New Hampshire colony, and with Gorges took one also for Laconia, a region inclu- ding Lake Champlain. He held various honorable I positions in England, in 10.35 being a judge in 1 Hampshire and receiving in the same year the ^ appointment of vice-admiral of New England.
- His riglits in New Hampshire were sold in 1091
[ to Governor Samuel Allen. He died in London in December, 1035, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. Consult Tuttle, Memuir of Captain. John Miison, the Founder of Xew Hampshire, in an illustrated edition of Mason's tract on Newfound- land, publislicd for the Prince Society (Boston, 1887). MASON, .John (1000-72). An American co- lonial commander. He was born in England; served under Sir Thomas Fairfax in the Nether- lands; emigrated in 1030 to Dorchester, Mass.; in 1033 obtained a. military command at Boston, and in 1035 aided in founding Windsor, Conn. In 1()37 he was placed in command of a small force of English and Indians sent against the Pequots (q.v. ). After the destruction of that trilie Jlason removed to Saybrook, at the request of the inhabitants, for the defense of the colony, and in 1059 removed to Norwich. He was a major of the colonial forces for thirty years. Deputy Governor of Connecticut in 1000-70, and chief judge of the colonial court from 1042 to lOtiS. He prepared, at the request of the Gen- eral Court of Connecticut, a Brief Histortj of the Pc<jiiot ^Yar, which was incorporated by Increase Mather in his Rrhilion of Trouble bi/ the Indians (Bo.ston, 1077, republished with introduction by the Rev. Thomas Price, Boston, 1730). Consult Ellis, "Life of .John Mason of Connecticut," in Sparks, Library of American Biography, vol. xiii. (1804). MASON, .John Young (1799-1859). An American jiolitician, born at Greensville, Sussex County, Va. He was educated at the University of North Carolina, and in 1819 was admitted to the bar. After presiding over Federal and State Courts and serving for a number of terms in the Virginia Assembly, he was a member of Congress from 1831 until' 1837, and was judge of the I'niteil States District Court for Virginia from 1837 until 1844, when President Tyler made him Secretary of the Navy. He entered the Cabinet of President Polk as Attorney-General, hut was soon returned to the Navy Department. In 1853 President Pierce made him Afinister to France, Mhere lie remained until his death. On October 10. 1854, he met Buchanan and Snulc. the min- isters of the United States to England and Spain, respectively, in a conference at Ostend, and in conjunction with them issued the famous Ostend Manifesto (q.v.). MASON. Lowell (1792-1872). An American music teacBer, born in Medfield, Mass. When only sixteen he directed a cluirch choir at Medfield and upon his removal to Savannah continued his interest in musical affairs. In 1827 he returned to Boston, wiiere he became president of the Handel and Haydn Society and strongly advo- cated the Pestalozzi system of teaching. He founded the Boston Academy of Music ( 1832 ) , and in 1837 went to Germany to study musical pedagogic methods. The University of the City of New York gave him the degree of doctor of music (1855). He is remembered chiefly for his numerous liymn-tunes, which are still in general use throughout the country, and his collections of songs, Boston Handel and Haydn Collection of Church Music (1822); Juvenile Psalmist (1829) ; Lyra Hacra (1837) ; The Sahhnth Hyinn- and Tunc Book (with E. A. Park and Austin Phelps, 1859); The Psaltery (1845); Carmina Sacra (1841) ; and Kew Carmina Sacra (1852). MASON, Otls TUFTON (1838—). An Ameri- can ethnologist, born at Eastport, Me. He grad- uated in ISOO at the Columbian University, Wash- ington, D. C. ; was principal of the preparatory school of the university (1802-84) ; and in 1884 became curator of ethnologj' in the LTnited States National iluseum. Mason founded the An- thropological Society of Washington; was an- thropological editor of the American Naturalist and of the Standard Dictionary ; and wrote, for the Smithsonian Institution, Summaries of Prog- ress in Anthropology, and contributions to a history of primitive American industries. MASON, William (1724-97). An English divine and poet, born probaljly at Kingston-upon- Hull. He was educated at Cambridge, and in 1749 became a fellow of Pembroke College. He was appointed rector of Aston in Yorkshire, and chaplain to the Earl of Holderness in 1754. The next j-ear he visited GJermany, and in 1757 was appointed chaplain in ordinary to the King. Sub- sequently he was for more than thirty years pre- ceptor and canon residentiary of the cathedral at York. Among his writings are lluswns (1747), a monody to the memory of Pope; I sis (1"^8), a monologue denouncing the .Jaeobitism of Ox- ford; and the dramatic poems Elfrida (1752) and Caraetacns (1759). He also wrote a number of odes in imitation of his friend Gra.y, of whom he published a Life in 1774. The' first book of The English Garden anneared in 1772. and in 1782 he published a Critical and Historical Essay on Cathedral Music. His collected works were issued in 1811. A tablet to his memory was erected in the Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey. Consult Chalmers, English Poets, xviii. (London. 18101. MASON, William (1820—). An American musician, born in Boston. After having studied music in Europe with Hauptmann. irnsclieles, Richter, Dreyschock, <and Liszt, he appeared as a pianist in Prague, Frankfort, Weimar, and London, and upon his return to the United States made several successful tours. In 1855 he settled in New York, and foimded there the Mason and Thomas j'ecitals of chamber music, which were continued until 1808. After 1855 he devoted himself almost entirely to teaching
