| William Dummer (acting) | 1729-30 | |
| William Tailer (acting) | 1730 | |
| Jonathan Belcher | 1730-41 | |
| William Shirley | 1741-49 | |
| Spencer Phipps (acting) | 1749-53 | |
| William Shirley | 1753-56 | |
| Spencer Phipps (acting) | 1756-57 | |
| The Council | 1757 | |
| Thomas Pownall | 1757-60 | |
| Thomas Hutchinson (acting) | 1760 | |
| Sir Francis Bernard | 1760-1769 | |
| Thomas Hutchinson | 1769-1774 | |
| Thomas Gage | 1774 | |
| The Council | 1774-80 | |
| STATE | ||
| John Hancock | 1780-85 | |
| James Bowdoin | 1785-87 | |
| John Hancock | 1787-93 | |
| Samuel Adams | 1793-97 | |
| Increase Sumner | Federalist | 1797-99 |
| Moses Gill (acting) | “ | 1799-1800 |
| Caleb Strong | “ | 1800-07 |
| James Sullivan | Democratic-Republican | 1807-08 |
| Levi Lincoln (acting) | “ | 1808-09 |
| Christopher Gore | Federalist | 1809-10 |
| Elbridge Gerry | Democratic-Republican | 1810-12 |
| Caleb Strong | Federalist | 1812-16 |
| John Brooks | “ | 1816-23 |
| William Eustis | Democratic-Republican | 1823-25 |
| Marcus Morton (acting) | “ | 1825 |
| Levi Lincoln | Democrat and Federalist | 1825-34 |
| John Davis | Whig | 1834-35 |
| Samuel T. Armstrong (acting) | “ | 1835-36 |
| Edward Everett | “ | 1836-40 |
| Marcus Morton | Democrat | 1840-41 |
| John Davis | Whig | 1841-43 |
| Marcus Morton | Democrat | 1843-44 |
| George N. Briggs | Whig | 1844-51 |
| George S. Boutwell | Democrat and Free Soil | 1851-53 |
| John H. Clifford | Whig | 1853-54 |
| Emory Washburn | “ | 1854-55 |
| Henry J. Gardiner | American | 1855-58 |
| Nathaniel P. Banks | Republican | 1858-61 |
| John A. Andrew | “ | 1861-66 |
| Alexander H. Bullock | “ | 1866-69 |
| William H. Claflin | “ | 1869-72 |
| William B. Washburn | “ | 1872-74 |
| Thomas Talbot (acting) | “ | 1874 |
| William Gaston | Democratic | 1875-76 |
| Alexander H. Rice | Republican | 1876-79 |
| Thomas Talbot | “ | 1879-80 |
| John D. Long | “ | 1880-83 |
| Benjamin F. Butler | Democrat and Independent | 1883-84 |
| George D. Robinson | Republican | 1884-87 |
| Oliver Ames | “ | 1887-90 |
| J. Q. A. Brackett | “ | 1890-91 |
| William E. Russell | Democrat | 1891-94 |
| Frederick T. Greenhalge | Republican | 1894-96 |
| Roger Wolcott | “ | 1896-1900 |
| Winthrop Murray Crane | “ | 1900-03 |
| John L. Bates | “ | 1903- |
Bibliography. Hitchcock, "Report on Geology, Minerals, Botany, and Zoölogy of Massachusetts," in Massachusetts Geological Survey (Boston, 1833); Massachusetts Zoölogical and Botanical Survey Reports (Boston, 1839 et seq.); Emerson, Report on Trees and Shrubs of Massachusetts (2d ed., Boston, 1875); Crosby, Geology of Eastern Massachusetts (Boston, 1880); Douglas, Financial History of Massachusetts (New York, 1892); Weeden, Economic and Social History of New England, 1620-1789 (Boston, 1890); Martin, Evolution of the Massachusetts Public School System (New York, 1894); Howe, Birds of Massachusetts (Cambridge, 1901); Hutchinson, History of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (London, 1828); Bradford, History of Massachusetts for Two Hundred Years (Boston, 1835); Young, Chronicles of the Pilgrim Fathers (Boston, 1841); Holland, History of Western Massachusetts (Springfield, 1855); Barry, History of Massachusetts (Boston, 1855-57); Oliver, The Puritan Commonwealth (Boston, 1856); Palfrey, History of New England (Boston, 1858-64); Schouler, History of Massachusetts in the Civil War (Boston, 1868-71); Austin, History of Massachusetts (Boston, 1876); Goodwin, The Pilgrim Republic (Boston, 1888); Fiske, The Beginnings of New England (Boston, 1889); Hale, Story of Massachusetts (Boston, 1892); Adams, Three Episodes of Massachusetts History (Boston, 1892); id., Massachusetts: Its Historians and Its History (Boston, 1893); Massachusetts Historical Society Collections (Boston, 1806 et seq.); Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings (Boston, 1855 et seq.).
MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. A co-educational State institution at Amherst, Mass., chartered in 1803 and opened in 1807. The college buildings are situated on a farm of 400 acres. 210 acres of which are devoted to experimental farming and 100 to horticulture. Winter courses are offered for those unable to take the regular four years' course and special courses in botany, dairying, market gardening, and other departments are offered to women. The degrees conferred are B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. The attendance in 1902 was 160; the number of instructors was 21. The buildings and lands were valued at about $260,000. and the equipment at $110,000. The library had 23,655 volumes.
MASSACHUSETTS BAY. A wide, triangular indentation of the eastern coast of Massachusetts, extending from Cape Ann to Plymouth Harbor, a distance of 42 miles, while its depth inland from the middle of this base line to Boston is about 22 miles (Map: Massachusetts, F 3). Its northern shore is rocky, the southern marshy and sandy, and both are irregular and indented by numerous large and small bays, forming the harbors of Gloucester, Salem, Marblehead, Lynn, and Boston. The bay contains a number of islands along the shores, especially in the entrance to Boston Harbor. The name Massachusetts Bay is sometimes made to include Cape Cod Bay.
MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY. A learned association with headquarters in Boston, the oldest historical society in the country, having been organized in 1781 and incorporated in 1794. Its objects are the collection, preservation, and diffusion of the materials for American history. The first volume of “Collections” was printed in 1792, and this has been followed by fifty more, together with about twenty volumes of “Proceedings.” The society has a museum of relics and antiquities, and a fine library of 30,000 books, 60,000 pamphlets, and many rare manuscripts, including the Parkman collection of thirty volumes of manuscripts relating to the history of the French in Canada.
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. A school of industrial science in Boston, Mass., established in 1861 through the efforts of W. B. Rogers and others, “for the purpose of instituting and maintaining a society of arts, a museum of arts, and a school of industrial science, and aiding generally by suitable means the advancement, development, and practical application of science in connection with arts, agriculture, manufacture, and commerce.” The society of arts was the first section of the institute to be established, holding its first meeting in 1862, and has done much valuable work. The museum of arts has not yet been established, mainly owing to the extraordinary growth of the school of industrial science, which has over-
