MAPLE. best known of which is Acer Xcgundo {yegundo aceroidcs), the box elder (qv.)- The earliest fossil representatives of the genus Acer have been recognized by leaves and fruits from the Cretaceous rocks. In the Miocene Ter- tiary beds the genus is abundantly represented, not only in the temperate rcjrions, but also in the Arctic regions of North America and Kurope. Some llowers of the maple have been found in the amber of the Baltic region. The ash-leaved maple {eyunJo) is repiesented by fossil ances- tors, very like the modern forms, in the ilioeene beds of North America. MAPLE INSECTS. The dilTerent species of maple ari' f;rcally subject to the attacks of in- jurious in^ects. certain species, such as the silver- leaved maple, being more susceptible than others. Several insects bore in the trunks of these trees. The sugarnuiple borer {Oliicohiiis .s-ixciosiis) , a black, long-horned beetle which has yellow bands, destroys the su^ar maple in the northern parts of the United States; the horntail l)orer (see Horn- tail) and the larva of a clear-winged moth {.flyvria acerni) also bore the trunks, the latter being especially abundant in the Mississippi Val- ley. A buprestid beetle. Diverca divaricata, in the larval stajtc bores in red maple stumps, although undoubtedly originally an enemy of the beech. The principal bark-borer of the sugar maple in the Northern United States is Corthylus puiicldlissiiiius, one of the Scolytidte. The striped maple-worm (larva of Aiii.ioln rubicunda) is a widespread enemy of these trees, frequently feediiifr upon the leaves in such great numbers as entirely to chfoliate long rows of shade trees. The tent-caterpillar of the forest {Malacosoma dissliia) is a decided enemy of all species of maples, and has greatly damaged the sugar maples in New York and New England. The tus- sock-moth's caterpillar (Orijiiin leucoxligma) and the fall webworm Uliiphuntria ciinea) fre- quently defoliate the shade trees of the larger cities." The cottony nui])le scale [ I'uhinaria in- nuiiterahilis) is occasionally so numerous as to cause serious injury, and amitlier scale-insect {['seudococcus accrix). probably introduced from Europe, is very abundant on the shade trees of certain cities. The so-called gloomy scale {Aspi- diotiin Iriiebrirosus) has a southern range, and is frequently the unnoticed cause of the death of otherwise vigorous shade trees. Several species of plant-lice, notably Pemphigus nccrifolii, damajre the leaves of early summer, and a gall- mite {Pln/loplKs (jiiadripes) disli^'ures the leaves with its massed reddish galls. Consult Packard, Fifth Hrporl of the I'nited Stairs Entomological Ciiniiiiissidii ('ashinf;ton, 1890). MAPLESON, ma'p'l-son. .Tamks Hknry ( 182!l-l!ini ). .
Knglish r)peralic impresario,
born in London. He studied the violin for two years at the Koyal .cademy of Music, and then went to Italy for singing lessons; but soon after his return a throat nlTeetion made a vocal career out of the question, and he was engaged in the orchestra at Tier Majesty's Theatre, .fter hav- ing made tfturs with several leading artists, in ISCil he succeeded K. T. Smith ns manager of the Italian opera at the T.yeeum in London. He controlleil Her Majesty's Theatre (lSri2-fin). and then went to Drury I-ane until 1S77. when he returned to Her Majesty's, and the followinc year he brought Italian opera to the United States. 36 MABA. He was successor to Strakosch at the Academy of -Music in New York City. He introduced Patti (1SS3-S4}, Gerster, Campanini, Del Puente, Ga- lassi, Marie Koze. Belocca, Albani, Sealclii. Nor- dics, and Minnie Hauck to New York audiences. MAPLE SUGAR. See Sugab. MAP TURTLE. One of the names of a com- mon North American land-turtle (Malachm<mys yeoyraphicus) , also called "geographic tortoise." MAPURITO, ma'poo-je'to. See Conep.te; Ski ^K. MAQUET, ma'kfl', Auguste (181.3-88). A French author, born in Paris. He was educated at the CollSge Charlemagne, where he was for a time teacher. Having written the dranui Ua- ihilde, he was introduced to Alexandre Dunuis. who, impressed by his talent, proposed their working together. It has generally been ad- mitted that in this capacity of collaborateur he furnished large portions of Dumas's most famous books and plays'. Under his own name he pub- lished the romances Beau d'Angennes (1843), 1m belle Gabrielle (1853-55), and many others. For the theatre he prepared Le chateau de (!ran- tier (18.5'2), Le comte de Lavernie (1855). La belle Gabrielle (1857), and a number of others. MAQTTI, mii'kwe (Sp. maqui, from the Chilean name). Aristotelia ilacqui. One of a few species of a genus of plants sometimes referred to the natural order Tiliaceae, a Chilean evergreen or sub-evergreen shrub of considerable size. The small green or yellow flowers, borne in axillary racemes, are followed by three-celled edible lilack acid berries about the size of peas, and are used by the Chileans to make wine. The wood is used for making musical instruments, and the tough bark for instrument strings. The maqui is fre- quently cultivated as an ornamental shrul). and in favorable conditions sometimes bears fruit in northern countries. MAQUI. A peculiar type of xerophytic thick- et characteristic of the Mediterranean region of Europe. The plants are chiefly evergreen shrubs and half-shrubs, and comprise a large number of well-known plants, such as the myrtle, box, laurel, and oleander. See Thicket. MAQUOKETA, ma-ko'kf-ta. A city and the county-iat of .Jackson County. Iowa. 38 miles northwest of Clinton: on the Maquoketa River, and on the Chicago and Xorthwestern and the Chicago. Milwaukee and Saint Paul railroads (Map: Iowa. G 2). It has the Boardnian Li- brary Institute, a subscription library of snnie 3.j00 volumes. Maquoketa is a trade and indus- trial centre of considerable importance, its man- vifactures includinj; lime. Hour, foundry and ma- chine-shop luoducts. woolen poods, brick and tile. etc. In the vicinity are valuable hardwood forests and quarries of limestone. The water- works are owned and operated bv the municipal- ity. Population, in ISltO. 3077: 'in PIOO. 3777. MARA, mii'n'i. Oertrihe Ei.iz.vnETii SniMEI,- INO ( I741I-1S33I. A German sin!;er. born at Cas- sel. She bejran to l)lay the violin at such an early age that her father, n poor musician, gave her a few lessons, and then exliihited her as a prodigy in Vienna and London. In the latter city she took a few singing lessons from Paradisi and was so successful that thereafter she devoted herself entirely to vocalization. Her first engagement was at Leipzig: she then sang at the Dresden
