MITCHEL. 626 MITCHELL. alist. He became a cdiitributor to the Irish Xation, and. alter the death of Thomas Davis, was its chii'f editor. He withdrew from the .Ya- tion in 1S4S, and established the United Irish- man. In the same year he was arrcsttd under the Treason-Felony Act, was convicted and sentenced to transportation for fourteen years, and was sent to Bermuda for one year and then to Tas- mania. Escapini; from the convict colony in 1853. he came to the United States, and in the following year established at New York the Citizen. He removed to Kno.willc, Tenn., in 1857, started the Sautliirn Citizen, and advo- eateil in its columns the revival of the slave trade. He lived in Paris in 18nO-G2. then returned to America, and for a time edited the Richmond Enquirer. He afterwards came back to Xew Y'ork and in 18G7 started the Irish Citizen, which had only a short career, being discon- tinued in 1872. Returninf; to Ireland in 1874, he was elected to Parliament from Tipperary, but was declared ineligible and denied his seat on the ground that he was a convicted felon. He was elected .a second time, but died be- fore his case could be tested. Besides the work already mentioned, he published The Last Con- quest of Ireland {perhaps) (18(i0), and History of Ireland from the Treat;/ of Limerick (18(18) ; and edited The Poems of Tliomati Daris (1856) and of James C. ilangun- (1859). with biogra- phies. For his life, consult Dillon (London, 18S8). MITCHEL, ORMsnYMc-KxiGiiT(lS10-G2). An American astronomer, educator, and soldier. He was born in Union County, Ky.. was a ch-rk for some time in a country store, and graduated at West Point in 182!1. From 1S21I to 1S31 he was assistant professor of mathematics at West* Point, and in 1832 lie resigned from the service. He practiced law in Cincinnati from 1832 to 1834. and for the next ten years was professor of mathematics, philosophy, and astronomy in the Cincinnati College. In 1830-37 he was chief en- gineer of the Uittle Miami Railroad. He was an enthusiastic student of astronomy, and took an important part in procuring the erecticm of an observatory in Cincinnati, of which, when it was completed, he bei'ame the director, conjtiining with this position in lS5tl tlic directorship of the Dudley Observatory in Albany. On the outbreak of the Civil War he entered the Federal Army, was commissioned a brigadier-general of volun- teers in August. 18(il. an<l from September lOth to November 15th commanded the Department of the Ohio. In .pril. 18(12. he was promoted to a major-generalship of volunteers in recognition of a i)rilliant movement into northern .labania. whereby he secured the control of 120 miles of railway. On S<'ptemlicr 17. 18(i2. he was |ilaced in command of the Department of the South, but before he had time to l>egin active operations he was attacked by yellow fever and died. He made several important astronomical discoveries, including, with exactness, that of the period of rotation of the planr^t Mars. He edited the NiV/e- rrnJ Mrsurnqrr from 1840 to 1848. and published n number of works on astronomical subjects, in- cluding The I'Innrlnrif and Stellar Worlds (1848) and The Orh.i of Hearen ( 1851 ). The Aatronomii of the Hihie was published posthumously in 1803. Consult the biogrnpliy by Frederick A. MItchel (Boston. 1887). MITCH'ELL. A city and the county-seat of Davison County. S. D., 70 miles west by north of Sioux Falls: the terminus of the Chicago, Saint Paul, Minneapolis and (Jniaha Railroad, and on two divisions of the Chicago. Milwaukee and Saint Paul Railroad (Map: South Dakota. GO). It is the seat of Dakota University (Methodist Episcopal), established in 1888. The centre of a fertile agricultural region, Mitchell exports grain and live stock; it has a creamery, railroad and machine shops, grain elevators, brick and lumber yards, etc. Settled in 18711. Mitchell was incorporated in 1883 and is governed under a charter, secured by general legislative act of 18110, which provides for a mayor, elected every two years, and a city council of which the execu- tive is a member. There are numicipal water- works. Population, in 1890, 2217; in 1900, 4055. MITCHELL, ilou.XT. See Bl.vck .Molx- TAl.NS. MITCHELL, Ale.x.>-i>er (1S17-87). An Amerieau linancicr and railroad president, born at Kllon. Al)erdcenshire, Scotland. In 1839 he came to the United States at the request of George Smith, a Scotchman who was interested in the development of the Wi'st, and was made president of the Wisconsin .Marine and Fire In- surance Company, at the new town of Milwaukee. Mitchell settled in Jlilwaukee. and his name is inseparably connected with the development of that city and region. In 1804 Jlitchell effected a comhination of several roads into the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul Railroad Company, of which he was president from its organization until his death. He was a Kepuliliean until after the war, but left the party on the recon- struction issue, in 1808 was elected to Congress as a Democrat, and served until 1875. MITCHELL. Alkxa.niikr Fehrikh (1822 99). A Scottish divine and scholar, the historian of the Westminster Assembly. He was l)orn at Brechin in Forfarshire, September 10, 1822, and after graduating from the University of Saint Andrews he hec:ime minister at Dunniehen I 1S47- 48). He resigned to accept the professorship of Hebrew in the University of Saint Andrews. In 1808 he was transferred to the chair of ecclesiastical history and divinity. He held some of the highest ollices in the Cluirch of Seotlan<l, and was an active memln'r of the Scottish Text and History societies. Among his publications are: The Westminster Confession of Faith (1800); Minutes of the General .Issembh/ /C }'/-.'/.9( 1874) ; The Westminster A-tsfmbh/ : Its Historii and Standards (1883; new ed, 1895) ; Catechisms of the Second Ifeformation (1880); and Ileiirint. jrith Introduction, of the I'irst Protestant Trea- tise in Scottish Dialect (.1888). He died Marcli 22, 1899, MITCHELL, DoN.u.i) Gr,xt (1822—), An .mevican autlior, well known l)y his pseudonym Ik Marvel. He graduated from Vale College (1841). In 1844 he went to Kurope. bringing out on his return French llleaniniis. or a yen- Sheaf from the Old Fields of Continental Fnrope ( 1847), and in 1850 The Ilattle Snmmer. sketches reminiscent of the ontlireak in Paris two years before. In 18.50 he produced The r.nrpnette. i,r Studies of the Toirn. a series of mildly satiric.il papers in the manner of Irving's Sahnnqundi. The same year and the following year he wrote the books most popularly associated with his
