MOLIEBE. 688 MOLINE. a pathetic, even a sad background to liis scenes, but this never gets the better of his healthy liunior. This humor depends for its effects not so much on plot as on revelation of character, and the satire is dircwtcd not so much against the excesses of nature as against those social faults or conventions which disguise or sup- press nature. He is more apt to tvpify phases of character than to present complex natures, and in doing this he gave direction to the develop- ment of French comedy for several generations. There is no question that in the analysis of char- acter iShakespeare, even C'orneille, is more pro- iound, and they tell a story with more dramatic force, but neither C'orneille nor Racine gives so accurately picturesque, so fascinatingly truthful a portrait of French society as we find in the nat- uralistic, observant humorist, ilolifre. Of iloli&re"s Works the first edition was by his friends and fellow actors, La (irange and Vinot (1682) ; by far the best is Despois and !Mesnard"s (11 vols., 1873-9G). Excellent, also, are the editions of A. France (7 vols., 1870-91) and Monval (8 vols., 1882). There is a good, cheap edition in 2 vols, with a study by Sainte-beuve and Knglish translations by Van Laun (6 vols., London. 1875-77). Wall (3 vols., lS7ti-77), and Wormeley (Boston). Consult for Jloli^re's style, vocabularv,and usage, Livet, Lriiquc dr hi Uinfftie (U MolU're (Paris, lS!)o-18!>7 ) . Of the Lives of Molierc that of Mahrenholtz, in (ieniian iHeil- bronn, 1.S81), is most complete; Loiseleur, Points ohscum dc ia vie de Moliirc (Paris, 1877). offers some attractive modern theories. Consult also the periodical Le Molicrixtc: and the biographies by Lotheissen (Frankfort. IS.SO) ; Moland (Paris, 188G) ; Larroumct (ib., 1886): BaUiffe (ib., 1886); Mesnard (ib., 1880): Desfeuilles (ib., 1900) ; and Schneegans (Berlin, 1901) : and the full liihlioqrnphic moliircsquc, by Paul Lacroix (Paris. 1875). MOLIEBE, HorsE or. See Coiilwe Fr.x- r.MSK. MOLIN, mo'Un, Joiian Peter (1814-73). A Swedish sculptor, born at Giitehorg. He studied at Cojienhagen with the medali.st Christensen, and afterwards in Konre (1845-.53). In 1853 he became professor at the Stockholm Academy. Among his works are "The Wrestlers" (18G2), "David," and "Cupid and Psyche." MOLINA, m'.-le'na, .Ar.ONso nE (c.l510-c.85). A Spanish missionary in Mexico, lie was horn at Fscalona, Spain, early went to Mexico, learned the .ztec language, and was interpreter to the Franciscan frinrs. He subsequently joined the Franciscan Order, and rose to be the superior of Santo Evangel io Province. His publications in- clude translations into Aztec of the catechism and of n confessional manual, and a grammar of that language. His greatest work is his Die- cioniirin dr tii Iriiftua ca.fUllnna y mexicnnn (1.555: rev. ed. 1.571). MOLINA. niAle'nii. .TiA Ir.NAZio (1740- 1829). An Italian historian rif Chile. He wa-< born at Talca. Chile: studii-d in a .Tesnit college nt Santiago: taught there and at liocalemo; ami at the age of twenty became librarian at San- tiago. He joined the .Tesuit-i at the time of their expulsion from the conntrv'. and went to Italy in 1767. For several years he was a priest at Imola. and in 1774 went to Bologna, where he taught in a private school. His views of the vitality of matter and of the sensibility of uietals brouglit him into disfavor with the Cath- olic Church and he was removed from his ])ro- fessorate for a time. A legacy which Molina received in 1815 was devoted entire to the foun- dation of a library in Talca. His ComiHiidio di storia del Chile (1776), >Saggio sulla storia tiatiiriile di'l Chile (1782), and .S'(i(/r/io della aluria civile del Chile (1787) were very popular in Europe for many years, though they have little value. MOLINA, Liis (1535-1600). A celebrated Spanish theologian, specially famous in the his- tory of the controversy about divine grace. Ue was born at Cucnca, in Xew Castile, entered the .Jesuit Order at the age of eighteen, studied and then taught theology and philosophy at the Col- lege of Coimbra in Portugal, and was later ap- pointed professor of thcolog' at Evora, where he taught for twenty years. He then returned to Spain to devote himself to literary work, and six months before his death was appointed pro- fessor of moral theology in Madrid. His fame rests mainly upon his celebrated work, Concordia Liberi Arbitrii ciitn (IninUc Donis. first printed in Lisbon, 1588, but not published until the fol- lowing year. It was the first work of formal scholastic theology produced by the .Jesuit Order, as it was the first written by any of them in the nature of a commentary on Saint Thomas Aquinas; and scarcely any theological work has ever excited so wides])read and lasting a contro- versy. The latest edition of it is by Lethilelleux (Paris, 1870). (For further details of this con- troversy, see MoLiM.sM.) Among his other works are his conunentarics on the first part of the i^umma of Aipiinas (1592) and De Juxtitin rt Jure (1592). His complete works were pub- lished in 7 vols. (Venice. 1614), and with biog- rai)hy aii^l bibliography in 5 vols. (Cologne, 1733). MOLINA, TiRSO DE. A pseudonym of the Spanish dramatist Gabriel Tellez (q.v. ). MOLINARI, mi'le'na'rt^', CksTAVE de (1819 — ). A Belgian ])olitical economist, boni at Li&ge. He l)ecame a physician at Brussels, wrote works on homieo|iathie medicine, removed to Paris, where he gained some distinction as a radical journalist, but was obliged by the coup d'etat to return to Btdgium, and there was ap- pointed professor of political economy in the
- Musee Royal de I'lndustrie Beige (Brussels).
In 1874 he was elccteil corresponding member of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences of the Institut de France. He became editor of the Journal des tJeonomistes at Paris in 1881. He assisteil in establishing the journals L'Econo- mixtc liclije and ha liourse du Travail, and pub- lished numerous works, including Quexlious d'rrononiie polilifjue et de droit fiubliifur (2 vols., 1801), L'^rolution economique du XlXeme sii'rle (1880), Lea lois naturellrs de I'eeonomie pnli- liqiie (1867). and Comment se renniidra la ques- tion xoriale (1896). MOLINE. niAlPn'. A city in Rock Island County. Ill: on the Mississippi River, three miles east (if the eomity-.seat. Rock Island, which is opposite Davenport, Iowa, the three cities being closely connected by steam and electric railroads, ferries, and bridges (Map: Illinois. B 2). The railroads entering the citv are the Chicnco. Mil- waukee and Saint Paul, the rhicn<70. Rock Island and Pacific, and the Chicago, Burlington and
