he entered the United States Signal Corps. There he ruse rapidly, becoming professor of iiieteorol- ogy in 1S94. He was stationed in Chieaj;o until IS'Jo, when lie lieeauie chief of the United .stales Weather Bureau. He wrote a Meicoroloykal Ahniiihic ami W'liithir Vuide (1901).
MOORE'HEAD, Warren King (1806—). .Vn
American archaeologist and anthropologist, born
in biena, Italy. He studied at Denison Univer-
sity and the University of Pennsylvania, and
under Wilson, curator of antliropology in the
Smithsonian Institution, and spent several years
in exploring the mounds of the Ohio Valley! He
became an assistant in the arclueological depart-
ment of the Uolnmbian Exposition, and soon after
he was appointed curator of the museum of the
Ohio State University. His imblicatiims include:
Fort Aiwknl (ISiiOl, Primilicc Man in Ohio
(1.SII2I. and Prdiisturic Intplemcnts (ISOO).
MOORE'S CREEK. A small stream in Xorth
Carolina, on the banks of which, about I'O miles
from Wilmington, a battle of the .merican
Revolution was fought on February 27, 1776,
between 1.500 Loyalists, mostly Highland Scotch,
under lirig.-Gen. Donald JlacDonald. and about
1000 militia and minute men, imder Cols. Rich-
ard Caswell and Alexander Lillington. The
Loyalists charged across the girders of a bridge
from which the jjlauks had been removed, hut
were utterly defeated. Thirty of them werp
killed, many wounded, and .about 800 taken
prisoners. The cflect of this battle, says Fiske,
"was as contagious as that of Lexington "had been
in New Knglaiid."
MOOR'FIELDS. A tract of marshv ground
outside the old wall of London, north of the
Tower. It was later called Fensburv or Fins-
biny. the present name of the district.
MOORFOWL. See Grouse.
MOORGATE. The later name of a gate in
the wall of Konian London leading to Moorfields.
It was removed about the middle of the eighteenth
century. Its name is preserved in the present
Moorgate Street.
MOOR'HEAD. A city and the county-seat of
Clay l.iunty. .Minn., on the Ked River of the
Xorth, ojiposite Fargo. N. D.. and at the junction
of the Northern I'acitic and the Great Northern
railroads (Map: Minnesota. B 4|. It is the
scat of a State normal school and of Cimeordia
College. Moorhead is an important distributing
centre for the tributary agricultural country,
and has a large trade in wheat. It has grain
elevators and Hour mills, brick yards, and a
foundry and niiiehinc shops. The waterworks
and electric liglil plant are owned and oi«'rated
by the nmnieipalitv. Population, in ISOO, 2088-
in llMKi. .•;7,;ii.
the hawse is prevented together with the con- stant necessity of unshackling the chain to "clear the hawse." .See H.WSE.
MOORISH ART. A term applied to the
monuments produced by the civilization of the
Mohammedans in Spain and in North Africa.
See JIolIAM.MEDAN Akt.
MOORS (ML. Murus, Lut. Maurus, Gk.MoO/ws,
perhaps from ftaOpos, mauros, d/j.avp6s, amauros,
dark, or perhaps from their original native
name). The name given to a mixed people
constituting a very important element in the
population of Northern Africa. Their appear-
ance indicates their origin, which is a mixture of
the Mauri. Numidians, Phoenicians, Romans, and
Arabs, who have successively held possession of
the eountrj-. They are a well-formed race, with
fine Oriental features, and a mild and melan-
choly expression of countenance. The .Moors
employ the Arabic language, but with many
corruptions and deviations from the original,
and these appear to increase toward the west.
The Moors first appear in history as the allies of
the Vandals in their attack upon Roman Africa.
They were conquered and converted by the Arabs
at the beginning of the eighth century after a
severe struggle. Having once embraced Moham-
medanism, they joined the .Vrabs in the invasion
of Spain, passing over in such numbers that
in the early period of Spanish history the terms
iloors, Saracens, and Arabs are used synony-
mously to designate the Jlirssulmans of the Pen-
insula. In the tenth century Moorish domina-
tion sui)planted that of the Arabs in Northwest-
ern .frica. At the close of the eleventh century
the Moorish sect of the Almoravides (q.v.), who
had established their sway in Morocco, invaded
Spain and swept away the Arab kingdoms which
had arisen on the ruins of the Caliphate of Cor-
dova. .fter half a century their realm fell to
pieces, and the Moorish sect of the AIniohades
(q.v.) became dominant in Morocco and Spain.
In the meanwhile the Christian power in Spain
had been steadily growing, and in 1212 the
power of the Almohailes was shattered in the
battle of Navas de Tolosa. liat was left of
^loorish dominion in the Peninsula was soon
consolidated in the Kingdom of (iranada. which
rose to a height of splendor almost rivaling that
of the former Caliphate of Cordova. The kings
of Granada carried on a vigorous warfare with
the kings of Castile: hut at length, weakened
by internal discord, they succundH-d in 1402 to
the arms of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand
of .ragon. The Moors, or at least that portion
of them who refused to accept Christianity,
were then expelled from Spain, and began their
piratical career in the Barbary States. Those
MOORHEN. The British gallinule See "'" '■;"*;i'*f' *'"= religion of their conquerors
Gai.iimi.i: i.<'i""iie. cce camo to be known as Moriscoes. They were sub-
TM-nn-DTTVT^ oiTTTTi-n-T . jcctod to the most rigorous supervision, and anv
jauOKlJMe-SWIVEL A device employed to lapses from their adopted religion were rutli-
join th<' two chain cables by which a ship is ' ■ -
moored so that the swinging of the vessel with
the tide will not cross the cables or produce
turns in the hawse. It consists of an iron swivel
with two shackles, to which the chain cables
leading to the anchors are attached, and two
shackles above which are capalde of revolution,
to which the chains leading through the hawse by Don .John of Austria, and a iarge'"numbpr were
holes to the vessel are connected. A vessel so driven from the conntrv. The poliev of oppres-
moored has many advantages, as the fouling of sion was continued with increased sc'vcritv under
lessly punished by the Inquisition. For more
than three-quarters of a centurv- they lived as
jieacefnl subjects of Spain and constituted by
far the most industrious and intelligent element
in the population. The persecutions of Philip
II. ilrove them to revolt (1.508 7O). hut the in-
surrection was suppressed with great cruelty
