MORE. 793 MOREATJ. 1534, when subsiiiptiuii was required to the act of suceession, iiR-luiiing a renunciation of the jurisdiction of 'any foreign potentate.' More Ihitly refused to talce the oath, and was com- mitled to the Tower, where lie remained a pris- oner until his death. lie was brought to trial on a charge of treason, and convicted Ijy the most llagrant perjury and injustice, and sentenced to be hanged at Tyburn. The King commuted the sentence to beheading. On July Cth he was exe- cuted in the Tower, retaining the calmness and wit which had nuirked his life to the last. His execution shocked the whole of Europe, and Charles V. declared that he would rather have lost his best friend than such a counselor. More was beatitied liy Leo XIII. in ISSG, together with other English martyrs. ilore is to-day best known as the author of the Utopia (q.v.). It was written in Latin, so as to reach the learned world, and is full of dra- matic skill and fertile invention. The earliest English version, of which live scholarly reprints were published between 1809 and IS03, appeared in loot, but earlier than this it had been trans- lated into (ierman. Dutch, and Italian. More's English works, principally of a controversial or devotional character, are marked by forcible, ner- vous. sim]de style, and by an al>midance of witty illustration. His History of I{ichtin{ III. (first correctly printed in 1557), though incomplete, is notable among the beginnings of modern history in English, and his early biography of Pico dcUa Mii-andola (1510) is characteristic of his devo- tion to the Renaissance ideal. Consult: Bridgett, fAfe and Wiitings of iS'»> Thomas More (London, 1891): Hutton, SfV Thomas More (ib., 1895); Cooke, Three Great hires (ib., 1884) ; Seebohm, The Oxford Reformers (3d ed.. ib., 1S87) ; Nisard, h'eiiaissaiiee et rcformc (Paris. 1877); Louis, More and seine Utopia (Berlin, 1895). See CoM- iU XISM. MORE'A. The peninsular portion of Greece, connected with the northern half of the country by the narrow Istiimus of Corinth. It was known in ancient times as the Peloponnesus ( q.v. ) , but has been known by its present name since the Miildle Ages, if not from as early a period as the fourth century (ilap: Greece, D 4). This name is usually said to be derived from morns, a mul- iierry — the outline of the Peninsula bearing a re- semblance to the leaf of that tree. Others, how- ever, such as Fallmerayer, trace it back to the Slavic word more, the sea, which nearly encircles the ;lorea. See Greece. MOREAS, nio'ra'a', Jean ( 1856- ) . A French poet, born in Athens, his real name being Papadiamantopoulos. In 1877 he settled in Paris, and about 1S82 began to publish his verse in some of the newer reviews. His first volume, Les sijrtes ( 1884), cleverly parodied by Beauclair under the title Les d^liquescencrs. par Ador<5 Floupette, pofte decadent," brought on bis school the title of "decadent.' In 188(1 Moreas published Les eantilene.f. iforeas rei)udiated his earlier man- ner in 1892 for that of the School of Rom:ince. which urged a return to the verbal richness of old French poeti'y. For such a task the 'gram- marian poet' with his thorough knowledge of early French diction and metre was peculiarly fitted, llor^as wrote also: Le pHerin pnssionnd (1891) : Eriphile (1894) : and l^tances (1899 and 1901). MOREAU, m6r6', Aubie.n (1843—). A Fri'iicli p.iinter, born at Troyes, and a pupil of Pils. His spirited genre pictures have won him several mentions, notably a second-class medal in 1870, one at the Paris"Exposition of 1889, and the cross of the Legion of Honor in 1892. His "Duchess de Longueville Instigating the People to Kebellion" (1880) was purcliased by the Gov- ernment. He is also a painter in water-color and an illustrator. MOREATJ, GuSTAVE (1826-98). A French painter, born in Paris. He studied imder Picot, but was more inlluenced by Delacroix, and his own friend. Chasseriau. When he went to Rome he imitated such painters as Jlontegna and Si- gnorelli. He exhibited little, and did not become known until toward the eml of his life. The only modern painters with whom he can be compared are Burne-Joncs and Piivis de Chavannes. He left his eight hundred or more works in water- color and oil to his native city to form the JIusee lloreau in the Rue de la Rochefoucauld. The most notable of his paintings are the follow- ing: "Ja.son," "Death and the Young Man" (1865) ;-"Orpheus" (1867, in the Luxembourg) ; "Prometheus" (1869); "Salome" (1870); "The Sphinx" (1878): "Hesiod and the Muses," and "The Apparition," in the Luxembourg. From 1892 to 1898 he was a professor in the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. He received the cross of the Legion of Honor in 1875. Consult Mother. .1 Flistory of Modern Painting (New York, 1890). MOREATJ, HEGfeippE (1810-38). A French poet. He was born in Paris, worked as a type- setter and teacher, and then turned his attention to literature. He suffered the greatest priva- tions, and died in a hospital just as his talent began to be appreciated. His works comprise: La Voulzie. elegies, and Contes a ma socur, ])rose romances reminiscent of Xodier, of which the most notable is "Le gui de chOnc." His works appeared under the title of Myosotis (1838), and his correspondence in the first vol- ume of his Q^urres eompletes (1890-91). MOREATJ, .Jean Victor (1703-1813). A cele- brated Frcncii general of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic period. He was born August 11. 1763, at Morlaix, in Brittany, and studied law at Eennes. In 1789 he embraced the cause of the Revolution, and was later chosen to command the battalion of volunteers from his native town. He served under Dumouriez in 179.'!, and displayed such military talent that in 1794 he was made a general of division. His father was ])ut to death by the guillotine, but iloieau decided that he could not withdraw from the service of his coun- try. When Pichegru (q.v.) fell under suspicion in 1796, the Directory appointed Moreau to the chief command on the Rhine and ^loselle. He crossed the Rhine at Kehl, defeated Latour at Rastatt, and the Archduke Charles at Xeresheim, and drove the Austrians back to the Danube; but, owing to the defeat of .Jourdan at Wiirzburg. he found himself in danger of being cut ofl" fnim the Rhine, and was obliged to make a desperate ell'ort to regain that river, which he accomplished in the face of great dillicull ies, fighting two un- successful battles at Emmendingen and Hiiningen in October. A suspicion of participation in the plots of Pichegru led to his being deprived of his conunand in 1797.. but in 1799 he succeeded Scherer in the command of the army in Italy. Bv
