OLDHAMC. 783 OLDMIXON. in IGOO, and eniigratf-d to Plymouth in 1G23. In 1024 he and an Kpiscupalian minister named John Lyford conspired against the Government of I'lymouth and dispatched letters containing charges against the estahlished autliorities to England. The plot was detected, and Oldham was banished from the colon}-, allliough he later became recouciled with the inhabitants and ren- dered them some services. Settling in the ilassa- chusetts J!ay Colony, he became a man of promi- nence, and was a dejjuly from W'atertown to the first General Court of Magistrates and Kepreseu- tatives. In 103U, while he was on a trading e.pcdition, his pinnace was treacherously cap- tured near Hlock Island by Indians, and he was killed. Uis murder was the inunediate cause of the famous Pequot War. OLDHAM, .John (1G.i3-S.3). An English satirical poet, born at Shipton-ilo^Tie, near Tet- bury, in (iloueestershire. lie graduated at Saint Ednuind Hall, Oxford, in 1U74, and the next year became usher in a school at Croydon. Four years later he left Croydon to become tutor to the grandsons of a retired judge named Sir Kd- wanl Thurland, with whom he remained until KiSl, when he became tutor to the son of Sir William llickes. During his latter years he was aided by William Picrrepont, Earl of Kingston, at whose home he died. Oldham's poems, some of which possess real merit, had considerable in- lluenee on Pope and other English poets of the succeeding century. Among them are the satires To a Friend About to Lcuve the Uniixrsitij, w-hich he wrote while occupying his position at Croy- don; fiutires upon the Jesuits (1081), which re- flect the panic-stricken condition of the people after the alleged discovery of 'the Popish jjlot;' and a Halire Afiainst Virtue (1081), which was taken so literally by the public that its author was comjielled to explain in an Apotoijn and a Counterpart. Though Oldham produced poems other than satirical, these and some adaptations of Horace and Juvenal are the works on which his reputation rests. Consult Thompson, The Compositions in Prose and Torse of Mr. John Oldham, to Whieh are Added Memoirs of His Life C! vols.. 1770). OLDHA'MIA (Neo-Lat., named in honor of Thomas Oldliam. an English geologist of the nine- teenth century). The oldest known fossil alga, found in Cambrian rocks of Ireland. The type s])ecies. Oldhamia antiipia of Forbes, appears to be a coralline alga, while another s])ccies, Oldha- mia radiata. is of uncertain affinity and may be a worm trail or even a series of minute wrinkles produced by distortion of the slate rocks upon which it is foimd. Oldhamia is of very doubtful occurrence in the Cambrian of America. OLD HICKORY. An affectionate nickname of Andrew Jackson, given because of his tough and unbending characteristics. OLD HUNDRED. A favorite hynui tune. Hy some the nui-ic is credited to Guillaume le Franc, a musician of Rouen, but is probably au adaptation of a popular tune of the fifteenth century. The nielo<ly was adapted to Heza's ver- sion of Psalm exxxiv.. included by him in the Geneva Psalter, the lirst copy of which, with his additional tunes, was printed in l.").")4. It was arranged by Louis Bourgeois, the nnisiea! editor of that book. The tune is found with different endings in the Flemish Psalter (Antwerp, 1540) ; in the Dutch P.salter (London, 1561) ; in the Psalms with music by Marot and Beza (Lyons, 1503) ; in Claude Goudimel's famous colleotion of tunes (Paris, 1505); and also in English and German tune-books. In England it was sung to Kethe's version of the hundredth Psalm. "All people that on earth do dwell," and called the ■Hundredth Tunc." The word "old' was added in Brady and Tate's new version of the Psalter (London, 1590). Another name is "Savoy." Con- sult: Bovet, llisloire du psuuticr des (^glises r6- formees (Xeuch.ltel and Paris, 1872) ; and Fitz- gerald, I'ilories of Famous Songs (London, 1897). OLD IRONSIDES. The name popularly given to the I'nited States frigate Constitution (([.v.). OLD JEWRY. A street in London, near piercer's Hall, deriving its name from the Jews, who were settled there before their persecution in 1291. On the site of their former synagogue stands Grocers' Hall. OLD KENTUCKY HOME. A well-known phmtation melody by Stephen Collins Foster { 1850), beginning: "The sun shines bi-ight in the old Kentucky home." OLD LADY OF THREADNEEDLE STREET. In popular language, a name fre- (juenlly given, from its location, to the Bank of England. OLD LAW, The, or A New Way to Please Yor. A comed}' by iliddleton, JIassinger, and Rowley, published in 1050. An earlier version was written by Middleton in 1599. and was al- tered by JIassinger and Rowley into the later form. The 'law' w'as the compulsory removal of all aged men and women, whieh was modified in the course of the play. OLD LIGHT ANTI-BURGHERS. See Burgher a.nd Axti-Burgiier. OLD LINE STATE. Maryland. See States, POITL.VR XA.MES Of. OLD MAN OF THE MOUNTAIN. The name applied in mediaeval times to the ruler of the Assassins (q.v.). OLD MAN OF THE SEA. A mon.ster in the form of an nld man. described in the .irahian yiglits' Entertainments. Sindl)ad the Sailor met him and took him on his slioulders in order to assist him, but' was unable to release liimself from the clutcli of the old man luitil he made him drunk and so released his hold. The expres- sion is used to describe any bore or incubus from which release is dillicult. OLD ( WISLER t MENNONITES, See Men- .No.NirKs. section The Old, or Wislcr, Mcnnonites. OLDMIX'ON, JoHX (1073-1743). An Eng- lish historian, born at Axbridge in Somerset. During his early life he wrote a number of poems and plays, but in 1708 turned lifs attention to more serious work and puldished The British Empire in America. For a number of years he enjoyed the perquisites of the post of collector of the port at Briilgewatcr, but spent three years in London writing one of his histories, and then found that his deputy at Bridgewater had in- volved him in a debt for £300; w-hereupon he turned over the arrears of his salary and re- signed. His histories arc now of little value, as they were written for party purposes. His at- tacks on Pope led the latter to give him a place
