RACQUETS. 637 BADCLIFFE COLLEGE. hits the side walls, with penalty. Then the 'hand in' endeavors to return the stroke in the same manner, and thus the game proceeds until a failure to return the ball above the 'service board' counts against the player who fails. The game is fifteen points, scored according to the rules. In the double game each of the opponents serves in turn. RADATJTZ, ra'douts. A town of Bukowina, Austria, 32 miles south of Czernowitz. Its manufactures include machinery, paper, leather, and wagons. An Imperial stud, with about 1.500 horses, is located here. Population, in 1900, 14,343. RADBER'TUS, Paschasius. A Benedictine monk. See Pascha.sius Radbertus. RAD'CLIFFE. A cotton-manufacturing and coal-mining town in Lancashire, England, on the Irwell, two miles southwest of Bury (Map: Eng- land, D 3). It owns a market and maintains water and gas works. Population, in 1901, 25,- 350. RADCLIFFE, Ann ( 1764-1823) . An English romancer, born in London, July 9, 1764. Her maiden name was Ward. In her twenty-third year she married William Radclifl'e, a student of the law, afterwards editor and proprietor of the English Chrcmicle. Tlie group of romances by which slie became famous comprise : The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne (1789); A Sicilian Romance ( 1790, several times published in Italian) ; The Romance of the Forest (1791, translated into French and Italian and drama- tized) ; The Mysteries of Vdolpho (1794, trans- lated into French by Chastenay) ; and The Ital- ian, or the Ccmfessional of the Black Penitents, bad]}' dramatized by John Boaden, and put on at the Haymarket as the Italian Monk, and trans- lated by the Abbe Morellet (1797). After 1797 Mrs. Radcliffe lived in retirement, and there were false rumors that she had gone insane over the horrors conjured up in Vdolpho. After her death, February 7, 1823, appeared an historical romance, Gaston de Blondeville (1826). Of in- terest also is A Journey Through Holland and Germany (1795). Mrs. Radcliffe was an exceed- ingly popular romancer. For Vdolpho she re- ceived £500, and for The Italian, £800— un- precedented sums before the advent of n'avcrley. They were also translated into French. Mrs. Radcliffe gave vogue to the so-called Gothic ro- mance founded by Horace Walpole, the motive of which is to awaken wonder and awe at mysteries, to be finally explained away. Having a real pas- sion for deep woods, mountains, storm, and sea, she was able to add a new interest to fiction. Consult the brief memoir prefixed to Gaston de Blondeville (1826) ; Scott's introduction to her romances in Ballantyne's Xovelists Library (London, 1824) ; Beers, English Romanticism (Xew York, 189S) ; and see Xo-EL. RADCLIFFE. Charles Bland (1822-89). An English physician, born at Brigg, Lincoln- shire, the brother of .John Xetten Radcliffe (1826-84), the epidemiologist. He studied under a practicing physician at Wortley, and after- wards in Leeds, in Paris, and at the London I^ni- versity, where he graduated in 1851. He was appointed physician to the Westminster Hos- pital in 1857. and in 1863 was made physician to the National Hospital for the Paralyzed and Epileptic. He was Gulstonian lecturer in 1860, and Croonian lecturer in 1873, to the Royal Col- lege of Physicians of London. His works in- clude: Proteus, or the Law of Xature (1850) ; The Philosophy of Vital Motion (1851); Epi- lepsy and Other Affections of the Xervous Sys- tem, etc. (1854) ; Dynamics of Xerve and Muscle (1871) ; and Vital Motion as a Mode of Physical Motion (1876). With Ranking he edited Rank- ing's Abstract of the Medical Sciences (1845 to 1873). RADCLIFFE, or BADCLYFFE, .James. See Dekwentwatek, third Earl of. RADCLIFFE, John (1650-1714). A cele- brated Enjrlish phvsician, and the founder of the Radcliffe Library at Oxford. Born at 'akelicl 1, in Yorkshire, and instructed in Greek and Latin at the grammar school of his native town, at the age of fifteen he was sent to University College, Oxford. In 1672 he took his degree of M.A., ap- plied himself to the study of medicine, and hav- ing taken his degree of M.B. in 1675, began to practice as a licentiate at Oxford. He imme- diately made himself conspicuous by the origi- nality of his ideas. In less than two years his skill had made him famous. In 1682 he took the degree of ^.D. In 1684 Radclifl'e removed to London, where in less than a year he became the most popular physician of his time. In 1686 the Princess Anne of Denmark made him her physician. After the Revolution he was sent for by King William frequently, and the example of the sovereign was followed by most of the nobility and influential persons about the Court. In 1694 he was called upon to attend Queen Mary when attacked by the smallpox, in her last illness, as Dr. Radclifl'e predicted, before seeing her, merely upon reading the prescriptions of the other physicians in attendance before he was sent for. Being himself ill, lie was unable to attend Queen Anne during her last illness, and her death preceded his by a few months. In 1713 he was elected M.P. for Buckingham. Dr. Radcliffe died at Carshalton, and was buried at Oxford in Saint Mary's Church with much cere- mony. He died possessed of considerable prop- erty, the whole of which he bequeathed to public uses. Thus, to University College he left his estate in Y'orkshire. in trust, for the endovment of two traveling fellowships, and the purchase of perpetual advowsons, together with £5000 for the enlargement of the college buildings. He left £40.000 for the erection of a public library in Oxford, since known as the Radcliffe Library, which he endowed with £150 per annum for a li- brarian, and £100 per annum for the purchase of books. The Radcliffe Oliservatory at Oxford was erected through his munificence. He also bequeathed a legacy to Saint Bartholomew's Hos- pital. London. RADCLIFFE COLLEGE. An institution for the higher education of women at Cambridge, Mass., founded in 1879 by the Society for the Collegiate Instruction of Women. It had no official relations with Harvard University, al- though popularly known as the Harvard . nex, until 1894. when by act of the General Court of Massachusetts its name was changed to R.idcliffe College in honor of .Anne Radcliffe. the first woman to give a money endownnent to Harvard. It had in 1903 a facultv of 92. almost all of whom were instructors in Harvard University,
