BAPP. 710 BASHI. capitulation, sent Rapp and his garrison prison- ers to Russia, and he was not able to return to France till July, 1814. On reaching Paris he was well received by Louis XVIII., and in March, 1815, was one of those sent to oppose the return of Napoleon, but deserted with his troops and was appointed by Napoleon commander-in-chief of the Army of the Rhine and peer of France. In 1818 Rapp was reinstated by Louis XVIII. in the army. He left J/cmoirfS (Paris, 1823). Consult Spach, Le general Eupp (Colmar, 1856). RAP'PAHAN'NOCK. A river of Virginia. It is formed by several headstreams in the Blue Ridge, flows southeastward, and enters Chesa- peake Bay by a broad and long estuary running parallel with that of the Potomac and about 20 miles south of it (Map: Virginia, H 4). Its length is 250 miles. At Fredericksburg there is a fall supplying good water-power, and below that point the river is a fine, navigable tidal stream for nearly 100 miles. Its chief tributary is the Rapidan. KAPPERSWYX, riip'ers-vfl. A town in the Canton of St. Gall, Switzerland, 22 miles soutlv east of Zurich, on Lake Zurich (Map: Switzer- land. 1). In the old Hapsburg Castle is the Polish National Museimi containing a collection of antiquities, sculptures, and paintings. The Parish Church, the town hall, and the viaduct connecting Rapperswyl with Hurden and PfUffihon are also of interest. Rapperswyl dates from the twelfth centun,-. Population, 1900, 3412. KAPPOLDI, rap-p61'd(i. Edlard (lS39-in03) . A German violinist, born in Vienna. He studied under .lansa and Biihm, played in the Court Opera of Vienna (1854-61), then was conductor for five years of German opera at Rotterdam, and, after several years in Lubeck, Stettin, and Prague, and six years at the Berlin Royal School of ^lusic as an instructor and a member of .Joachim's quar- tet, in 1877 went to Dresden, where he became professor in the Conservatorj- and concert mas- ter at the Opera. Rappoldi wrote two sonatas for the violin and one for the piano as well as some song music. His wife, L.^uba Kahber (1853 — ), a teacher of piano in the Dresden Con- servatory, studied in Vienna and subsequently with Liszt and Biilow. BAR1TAN. A river of New .Jersey. It is formed by two branches in the highlands in the northern part of the State, and flows eastward into Raritan Bay, an inlet of Lower New York Bay (Map: New .Jersey, D 2). It is 75 miles long and navigable to the "fall line' near New Brunswick. RAROTONGA, ra'rS-tong'a. The largest of the Cook Ishinds (q.v.), in the Pacific Ocean. RASCAL LEAF-CRUMPLER. The larva of a phycitid moth {Mineola indiginella), which makes irregular crumpled cases on the apple leaves upon which it feeds. It works most ex- tensively during May and .June, when it is hidden by the foliage of the tree, which it lielps even- tually to denude. The larval cases are plainly seen in the winter time attached in clusters to the twigs by means of strong silken threads, and in these cases the larvse pass the winter about one-third grown. In the spring, when the leaves first begin to bud out, the larvae begin to feed, and reach full growth in .June. The pupa is formed within the larval cases, and the moth emerges in July, laying its eggs a little later. It feeds upon the apple and cherry, both wild and cultivated ; upon the plum, quince, and crab-apple, and to a lesser extent upon the peach. The best remedy consists in collecting and destroying in winter the plainly visible larval cases. RASCHDORFF, rash'dorf, .Julius (1823—). A German architect, born at Pless, Silesia, and educated at the Academy of Architecture in Ber- lin. In 1853 he became city architect at Cologne, where, besides restoring the Rathaus and sev- eral churches, he reconstructed the Giirzenich (1855-57), built the Stadt-Theater (1872), and with Felten the Municipal (Wallraf-Ri- chartz) Musemn (1855-61). Of several public structures in various other cities the House of the Rhenish Estates (1879) at Diisseldorf, in the style of the Italian Renaissance, is the most noteworthy. Appointed professor at the Academy in Berlin in 1878, he built the Technical Acad- emy at Charlottenburg (with Hitzig, completed 1884), the English Church in Monbijou Park (1885), the Mausoleum of Frederick III. ( 1894), at Potsdam, and was associated with hi% son. Otto, in the erection, from his designs, of the new cathedral (1894-1902). Of his publications the following are the most important: Entimirfe und Bauausfiihrungen im Stile deutscher Renais- sance (1879); Baukunst dcr Renaissance (1880- 90) ; Palastarchitektur von Oberitalien und Tos- cana (1883-96) : and Rheinische Holz- und Fach- rrerkbauten des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts (1895i. His son. Otto (1854 — ), born at Rheine, West- phalia, pupil of the Bauakademie in Berlin ( 1872- 75), was appointed Government architect in 1882, professor at the Technical Academy in 1891, and collaborated mostly with his father, especially in the new Berlin cathedral. RASH (OF. rasche, ras<jue, Ft. rache, Prov. rasca, rash, scurf, itch, from Prov., Sp., Port. rascar, to scrape, from Lat. radere, to scrape, shave). The common name of the exanthem of an affection of the skin, such as the eruption in nettlerash or urticaria, measles, scarlatina, ery- sipelas, and erythema (qq.v.). RASH'DALL, Hastings (18.58—). An Eng- lish historian and divine. He was educated at Harrow and at New College, Oxford, was or- dained in 1884, was tutor at the University of Durham until 1888, when he was appointed fel- low and lecturer of Hertford College, Oxford, and in 1895 received a like post at New College. He was select preacher at Oxford ( 1895-97 ) , and preacher at Lincoln's Inn (1898 sqq. ). His repu- tation as an historian is largely due to his Life of ^Viclif in the Dictiomtry of Xational Biography (1900), and to his Universities of Ewrope in the .Middle Ages (1895). He published, besides, Ooc- trine and Development (1889, a volume of ser- mons) and, with Rait, Xeto College, a history (1901). RASHER, or RASCIERA (perhaps from Sp. rascacio, sort of fish ) . One of the Californian rockfish {Sehastodes miniaiusi) peculiar in its deep vermilion color, mottled with yellowish pink and speckled on the back and sides with clusters of black dots, so that the whole body has a dusky shade. It comes about two feet in length, and is a common market fish. See Rockfish. RASHI, rii'she (Rabbi Shelomoh Tishakl, or Solomon ben Isaac, often erroneously called
