SEGUIN. 759 SEIDL. Louis. From ISS" he devoted his life to tlie treatment of idiots. In 18S4 the Academy of Seienoes in Paris deihired that to 8eguin was due the credit of the solution of the problem of the care and education of idiots. After the revolu- tion of 1S4S Segnin eanie to the I'nited Stativs, and after a short soj(jurn at t'leveland, Ohio, lie attached himself to the school for idiot chiUlren in South Boston and to the institution for feeble- 7iiinded youth in Barre, Mass. lie assisted in the organization of an experimental school in Albany, N. v., which later developed into the Xew Vork .State Idiot Asylum at Syracuse. Seguin settled in Portsmoiith, Ohio, in IS.jI. in the practice of medicine; l>ul he frequently taught at institu- tions for idiots in CVmneeticul, Ohio, and Xew York, and at one time he was at the head of a Penn.sylvania institution. After a sojourn of four years in IMount Vernon, X. Y., he removed to New York City in 1803, where in 1879 he es- tablished the Seguin Physiological School for Fecble-ilinded Children. Among liis works are: Triiitcmciit moral, hi/gidne ct Muaition dcs idiots ct dcs autrcs eiifanis arrii'rcs (1S4G); Iina(;es graduecs a rusat/c dcs ciifanis arriiris ct idiots (184G); Historical Yoii'ce of the Origin and Progress of the Treatment of Idiots (trans, by Newberry, New York, 1852); Idiocy and Its Treatment by the Physiological Method (1886) ; ^Vunderlieh's Medical Thermometry, with addi- tions (Xew Y'ork, 1871). See Idiocy; Seguin, Enw.vKD Constant. SEGTJIN, se-gwin', EnwARD Constant (1843- 98). An eminent American neurologist, born in Paris, France, and the son of Kdouard O. Se- guin (q.v.). Coming to the United States with his father, he settled in Cleveland, Ohio. He was educated at Mount Vernon, N. Y., at the College of Pliysicians and Surgeons, New York Cit.y, and imder Brown-Sequard, Charcot, Cornil, and Ran- vier in Paris, 1809-70. He was lecturer and later professor in the College of Physicians and Sur- geons, New York City, 1871-85.' He founded the clinic for nervous diseases in this college in 1873. Seguin was a founder of the Xew York Neurolog- ical Society and of the American Neurological Association. In advance of the appearance of Nothnagel he delivered masterly lectures on cor- tical localization, and in advance of Krb and of Charcot he described spastic spinal paralysis under the very unfortunate name 'tetanoid para- plegia.' He added much to the knowledge of medication in nerve diseases. His greatest achievement in therapeusis is probably his ad- vocacy and introduction of very large doses of the iodides, called the 'American method.' To him we owe most of our knowledge of the use of aconitia, and of a large increase in the under- standing of hyosc.yamus, as well as of arsenic in its application in chorea. He was the editor of The American Series of Clinical Lectures. His articles on quinine used subeutaneously. the path- ological anatomy of the nervous system. m,velitis of the anterior horns, cortical localizations, the_ use of the bromides, paraplegia, neuralgia, elec- tricity, potassium iodide, etc., were collected and published under the title O/icra Minora (1884). See his biography and a sketch of his literary life in Medical News, Ixxii., 312 and 582 (New York. 1898). SEGUR, sa'gur'. A noble French family of Guienne. PiiiUPrE Henri, Marquis de Segur- I'onehnt ( 17241S01 ) . served in the wars of Louis XV., and uiuler l.ouis .VI. was .Minister of Uur. — Loiis Pimlu'PE, Count S<|,'ur d'AjUfUcsscnu (17531830), was born in Paris. He was one of the Kreneh ollieers under Kochainbcau in the -American Revolution. In 1783 he was sent us I'rench Ambassador to Kussia and became a great favorite of Catharine II. His public i-areer dur- ing the lOmpire was respectable, but not brilliant. He died in Paris. He left many works, anion); which are: La politique de iuus Us caltinels de VEuropc (1793); Tableau historii/uc et po- litiijue dc I'lJurope de /7.S«-77.'W (1800); His- toirc U7iirerselle (1817); Mifmoires (1825-20). — His son, PiiiLriM'E Paul, Count de Segur (1780-1873), was a general of the First Ein- ])ire. He parlicipaliMl in various campaigns of Napoleon, and during the Russian campaign of 1812 was general of brigade. At the first Restoration he was given conimand of the eav- alr,v, but after the .second Restoration withdrew into private life until after the .Inly Revolution. In 1831 he was made lieutenant-general and raised to the peerage. He wrote the valuable lllstoire de Xapolt^on et lii grandv armic pendant I'annee 18U (1824). Other wcirks of his are: Lcttre sur la campagne da gdnerul Maedonald duns Ics (Irisons (1802) ; Hisloire dc Uussie ct de Pierre Ic (Irand ( 1829) ; Uistoirc de Charles VIII., roi de Prance (1834). SEGITR, Jo.sEPii Alexandre, Viconite de (1750-1805). A French writer of comed.v and lil)rctto. He was born in Paris, was brought up for the army, and was Deputy of the no- bility in the States General of 1(89, hut was ruined b.y the Revolution and was comiielled to make a living by literary work. Several political brochures were followed by the Corrcspondance secrite dc Mnon de I.'Enelos (1790), which brought the author immediate iiopularitv. La fennne jalouse and Le rctoiir ilu niari appeared soon after. Sfgur wrote the French words for Havdn's Creation, produced at the Opi^ra. He published in 1795 an interesting account of his imprisonment during the Revolution: Ma prison dcpuis Ic .i.i Vendimiuirc jusijuau lit Thermidor. His last work, published in 1803 and ver,v popu- lar at the time, was entitled: Les fcniincs. leura Cfi'urs. tears passions, leur influence, et leur con- dition duns I'ordrc moral. His lEuvres diversea were published in 1819. SEGTJRA, sft-goo'i-A. A river of Southeastern Spain. It rises in the Sierra de Segnra. in the Province of .laen, and after an east-sonthe:isterl,v course of about 150 miles enters the Mediter- ranean 19 miles southwest of Alicante (.Map: Spain, D 3). The Segura supplies water to sev- eral canals in the Province of Alicante, so that, although it drains an extensive area, it is naviga- ble only for small boats even at its mouth. SE'GXr-SIK'ORO, or Sego. A fortified post on the right bank of the Xiger in the interior of French West Africa, about 070 miles east south- east of Saint Louis (Alap: .frica. T) 3). It con- sists practically of a group of villages stretching along the Niger and containing a population of about 30.000. SEHAKTTNPOOR, sf-har'un-poor'. A town of India. See Saiiaramtr. SEIDL, zi'd'l, Anton (1850-98). A musical conductor, born in Pesth. He was educated at
