SMALLPOX. 250 SMEDLEY. at the seat of the operation on the second day. This develops into a vesicle or pustule, and is followed by modified symptoms of the disease. About the eleventh day the typical eruption of variola makes its appearance and passes through its various stages. The attack is generally mild, and confers immunity, but it is, on the other hand, occasionally fatal and always contagious. Inoculation is no lonfjer practiced. Variola may be complicated or followed by destruction of the eyes, chronic discharge from the ears, bronchitis, pneumonia, and pleurisy. The preventive treatment of smallpox at the present time consists almost solely in vacci- nation and isolation. That vaccination confers ■complete immunity not only to individuals, but to communities, has been abiuidantly proved. A patient with the disease should be placed in bed in a well-ventilated room and should have an abundance of milk and other easily digested liquid foods, with cooling drinks to quench the thirst. Fever is kept within the limits of safety by cold sponging. JIany attempts have been made to prevent the occurrence of disfiguring scars or pits. Painting the face with iodine or nitrate of silver, or washing it with various antiseptic lotions, or anointing it with carbolized oil, have all been tried with indifferent success. The best plan is to protect the face from the light and keep it covered with a mask of lint satu- rated with antiseptic solution. But if the in- flammatory process goes below the true skin, a pit will result. Particular attention nuist be paid to the eyes. They must be sponged fre- quently and kept free of secretion. Beyond these measures the treatment is purely symptomatic, no specific having been discovered for the disease. SMALL 'WOOD, William (1732-92). An American soldier, born in Kent County. ^Id. He was elected colonel of a Jlaryland regi- ment in January, 17"6, and served with great gallantry at Long Island, White Plains. Port Washington, Germantown. and particu- larly at Camden, becoming a brigadier-general in October, 1776, and a major-general in September, 1780. He refused to serve under Baron Steuben in the South, but remained in the army until November, 1783. In 1785 he was elected to Congress, and from 1785 to 1788 ■^'as Governor of ^Maryland. SMALTITE (from smalt, from It. smalto, enamel, from OHG. smalzjnn, smel^an, Ger. schmelzen, to melt; connected with Gk. fiiXSeiv, meldein. to melt, OHG. nuih, Ger. Mai:. AS. ■mealt, Eng. malf). A mineral cobalt diarsenide •crystallized in the isometric system. It h;is a metallic lustre, and is white to steel-gray in color. It occurs associated with other metallic arsenides and sulphides, and with cobaltite in veins. It is found in Saxony ; in Bohemia ; in Cornwall. England; in Dauphine, France: in Chile; and in the United States at Chatham, Conn. ; Franklin, N". J. ; and in Gunnison County, Colo. It is one of the commercial sources of the cobalt oxide which is used as a blue coloring mat- ter for glass and pottery. It is sometimes called tin, white cobalt, or 'speisskobalt.' SMART, Christopher (1722-71). An Eng- lish poet. He was born at Sliipbourne, Kent, and ■was educated at Cambridge (B.A. 1742). where he took the Seatonian prize for poetry five years in succession. In 1753 he went to London and endeavored to make a living by his pen. He translated the Psalms, Horace, and Phcedrusr into English verse, and made a prose translation of Horace. His original poems show consider- able talent. Among them may be mentioned liis "Song to David." His works were published in collected form (London, 1791). He became in- sane through dissipation and deprivations, and died in a debtor's prison in London. SMART, Henry (1813-79). An English organist and composer, born in London. He held the position of organist at several churches in London, and finally (in 1804) at Saint Pancras. That year lie lost his sight, and in 1879 received a Government pension. Among his works are an opera, Drrtha. or Ihe Gnome of Eartzburg (1853); the cantatas. The Bride of Dunlcerron (1804), King Rene's Daughter (1871). The Fisher ilaidens (1871), and Jaeob (1873). In addition he wrote considerable church music, songs, and part songs. His biography was written bv William Spark (1881) anil liv V. D. Sevmour (1881). SMEATON, srae'ton, JoHJf (1724-1792), A British engineer. He was born at Anstliorpe, near Leeds, and was educated for the bar. In 1754 he studied the canals and other great en- gineering works in Holland, and a few months after his return was called to replace the second Eddystone lighthouse. The new struc- ture erected from his plans (1756-59) was con- sidered a model of engineering. After it had been standing about 120 years it was found necessary to replace it by a new lighthouse. (See Lighthou.se.) Afterwards he built bridges at Perth, Banff, and Coldstream, the Xorth Bridge at Edinlnirgh, and the Hexham Bridge. The Forth and Clyde Canal was the most im- portant of his canal work. He also made harbor improvements at Ramsgate. In 1709, after considerable experimental work, he began the construction of steam engines of greater size and length of stroke than had previously been built, in which numerous improvements were introduced. Smeaton's improvements on Xewcomen's engine did much to increase its range of usefvdness, and engines designed by him were exported to the Continent of Europe. A small club of engineers, founded by him in 1771. afterwards became the Institu- tion of Civil Engineers. His engineering work is described in three volumes of Reports, pub- lished in 1812, A biographical memoir will be found in Smiles. Lives of the Engineers — Hmea- ton and Rennie (London, 1801). SMED'LEY, Fr.^kcis Edw.ed (1818-64). An English novelist. He lielonged to a family of scholars and educators, but, owing to a serious malformation of the feet, he was unable to attend public scliool and the university. He was ac- cordingly educated by private tutors, and for a long time lived at Cliesterton, near Cambridge, with his uncle. Edward Arthur Smedley, chap- lain of Trinity College. There he saw much of student life, which he subsequently turned .to good use. To f^harpe's London Magazine for 1846-48 he contributed the popular f^eenes from the Life of a Private Pupil, afterwards worked over into Fratik Fairleigh (1S50). which ranks second to Thomas Hughes's Tom Broum's fSehool Da>i.R. Of less merit are Leiris Arundel (1852), and Barry Corerdale's Courtship (1855), With
