STOXJGHTON. 607 STOWE. titled A Nairative of the Proceedings of Andros ( 10!)1 ) . STOTJGHTON MUSICAL SOCIETY. See Choral Socletiks. STOURBEIDGE, stf I'bn j . A town in Worcestershire, England, 20 miles north-north- east of Worcester, ou the Stour (Map: England, D 4). It contains iron, glass, earthenware, and fire-brick factories. -Stourbridge clay,' upon, which the action of lire has less etl'ect than upon most varieties of clay, is an article of export. Conservatory pots, crucibles, etc., are made of it. In the grammar school founded in 1552, and re- built in 18G4, Samuel Johnson received part of his education. Population, in 1891, 14,891; in 1901, 16,302. STOTJRM, stoorm. Ken6 (1837 — ). A French economist, born and educated in Paris. He was employed in a department of the Min- istry of Finance, became professor of finance in 'the Ecole Libre des Science Politiques, and in 1896 succeeded Leon Say as a member of the Academy of Political and Jtoral Sciences. On the history of finance, and more especially of taxation, he wrote Les finances de I'aucien regime et de la resolution (1885) ; Le budget, son his- toire et son m^canisnie (1889) ; Sj/stcmes gcne- ranx d'impots (1893); Bibliographic historique des finances de la France du XVIIKme siccle (1895) ; and Les finances du consulat (1902). STOUT. See Beer, STOUT, George Frederick (1859—), An English psychologist, born at South Shields, and educated at the Charlotte Terrace School in his native town and at Saint .John's College, Cam- bridge, He Avas made a fellow at Saint John's College in 1884, and succeeded Ci-oom Robertson as editor of Mind in 1891. After holding various academic positions in the field of philosophy and psychology, he was appointed in 1903 pro- fessor of logic "and metaphysics in the L'niversity of Saint Andrews, His "chief published works are: Analytic Psychology (1896); Manual of Psychology (1899) : "Truth and Error," in Per- sonal Idealism (1902) ; Groundwork of Psychol- ogy (1903). As a pupil of James Ward (q.v.). Stout infused into the traditional English psychology something of his teacher's critical spirit. His Analytic Psychology is planned, however, as a preliminary' to a larger work on genetic psychology, in which especial attention is to be devoted to ethnographic evidence. STO"VE. See Heating and Ventilation. STOW, John (1.525-1605). One of the earliest and most diligent collectors of English antiqui- ties. He was brought up to his father's trade of a tailor, but ultimately abandoned it for antiquarian pursuits. His principal works are his Nummary of English Chronicles, first pub- lished in 1561, and subsequently reprinted every two or three years, with a continuation to the date of each new publication; Annals of England, 1580, and reprinted in 1592, to which year the annals are brought down : and A Survey of Lon- don, the most important of his writings, pub- lished in 1598. Besides these original works. Stow assisted in the continuation of Holinshed's Chronicle, Speght's edition of Chaucer, Leland'.s Collectanea, etc. STOWE, sto, Calvin Ellis (1802-86). An American clergyman and author, born in Natick, JNlass. He was educated at Bowdoin College and at Andover Theological Seminary. From 1830 to 1832 he was professor of Creek at Dartmouth College, and in the latter year became professor of sacred literature at Lane Theological Semi- nary, Cincinnati, where in 1836 he married Harriet, the daughter of Lyman Beecher, then president of the seminary. From 1850 to 1852 he was professor of divinity at Bowdoin College, and from 1852 until his retirement in 1864 was professor of sacred literature in Andover Theo- logical Seminary, Among his published works are: The Hebrew Comnionirealth (1829), from the German of Gahn ; Lectures on the Hacred Poetry of the Hebrews (1829), from the Latin of Lowth ; Introduclion to the Criticism and. Interpretation of the Bible (1835) ; Elementary Education in Europe (1S37) ; The Religious Ele- ment in- Education (1844) ; and The Origin and History of the Books of the Bible (1867). STOWE, Harriet Elizabeth (Beecher) (1811-96). A famous American novelist, born in Litchfield, Conn. She was the daughter of the Rev. Lyman Beecher, and sister of Henry Ward Beecher. She attended school at Litchfield Acad- emy and later at Hartford. In 1832 her father was called to the presidency of Lane Theological Seminary at Cincinnati, Ohio. While living in that city she gained a personal acquaintiince with the ways of slavery, especially in regard to the handling of fugitive shaves and the attitude of the South toward the abolitionists. The impres- sion was strengthened by several journeys into some of the slave States with her husband, the Rev. Calvin E. Stowe, a strong anti-slavery man, whom she married in 1836. In 1843 Mrs. Stowe published her first book, entitled The Mayflower, or Sketches of Scenes and Characters Amotig the Descendants of the Pilgrims. In 1850 her husband was called to Bowdoin College, Bruns- wick, JIaine, and in the interval before his trans- fer to the chair of sacred literature at Andover (Mass.) Theological Seminary, two years later, she wrote the book by which she is most widely known. Uncle Tom's Cabin, or Life Among the Lowly. The novel appeared in the National Era of Washington, D. C., between Jime, 1851, and Ajiril, 1852, in which latter year it was issued in bonk form in Boston. As a serial it attracted no unusual notice, but as a book its success, after a few weeks, was unprecedented. Five him- dred thousand copies were sold in the United States in five years, and many more in England, and it has been translated into at least nineteen foreign languages. In the following year Mrs. vStowe, in reply to various inquiries, criticisms, and censures, published .4. Key to Llnclc Tom's Cabin. She also wrote, in the same year, .4 Peep into Uncle Tom's Cabin, for Children. The health of Mrs. Stowe was impaired by the excitement of her work, and in 18.^3 she went to Europe. On her return she published (1854) Sunny Memories of Foreign Lands, two volumes relating her travels. She then returned to the attack against slavery in Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp (1856: at one time entitled Aina Gordon), but without the unction and suc- cess of her former work. Thenceforth her writ- ing consisted chiefly of novels of quiet New Eng- land life, with which she was familiar, and ex- cept for her polemic book. Lady Byron Vindi-
