TERN. 144 TERRACE. 'common' tern is Sterna hiruiido, abundant on the coasts of the w'hole Northern Hemispliere and of Africa. It breeds locally ou the coast and in the Mississippi Valley from the Gulf States to Greenland, but, owing to incessant persecution, it selects only unoccupied sandy islets for its breeding places, and from New Jersey to Maine its only resorts now are Gull Island, N. Y., and Penikese and Muskeget Islands, Mass. The Arc- tic tern (fitrnia paradiswa) is very similar. Its egg is illustrated on the Colored Plate of Eggs OF American Game and Wateb Birds, and is typical of tern"s eggs generally. The gull- billed tern {GelocheUdon Xilotica) of the South- ern States, a cosmopolitan species; the roseate tern {Sterna Dougalli) of the Atlantic Coast; the sooty tern, or 'egg-bird,' of the West Indies [Sterna' fuUginosa) , also southern; and the ele- gant tern (Sterna elegnns) of the Pacific Coast from California southward, are the most inter- esting among the 15 or 16 other North American species. TERNATE, ter-na'ta. A small but important island of the Jloluccas. situated oflf the west coast of the island of Gilolo. Area, about 55 square miles. It consists of an active volcanic peak, rising 5400 feet above the sea. The chief town, Ternate, has a population of about 3000 and a good harbor, but is not of great commercial importance. It is the seat of the Sultan of Ternate. who has large dominions in Celebes, and is the capital of the Dutch Residency of Ternate, which embraces the northern Moluccas and parts .of New Guinea and Celebes. See MoLfCCAS. TERNAUX-COMPANS, tar'no' ko^'piiN', Hekri (lS07-tU). A French historian, bibli- ographer, and diplomatist, born in Paris. He is best known for his collection of books and manu- scripts on the early history of America, one of the most remarkabie ever brought together. Fa- cilities for collecting it were increased by his diplomatic employment in Spain, Portugal, and Brazil. He was also once a member of the French Chamber of Deputies. He published a catalogue of Americana before 1700, BibUothcque aniM- caine (1836) : also translations of documents in his collection in 20 volumes. Voyages, relations et mdmoires originaux pour servir a I'histoire de la deeourerte de VAmerique (2 series, 1836-40), and other works of less significance. TERNAY, tar'na', Charles Louis D'Arsae DE (1722-80). A French naval officer, born at Ternay, in Normandy. He entered the .na'y in 1738 and fought at Louisburg in the French and Indian War. In 1762. in command of a squadron, he attacked Newfoundland, and cap- tured Saint John's and several British vessels. He was governor of the island of Bourbon (1772- 79). In 1780 he commanded tlie French fleet that brought over to. America Count Rochambeau and his forces. He died at Newport soon after his arrival. TERNI, ter'ne. A city in the Province of Perugia, Italy, 59 miles south by east of the city of Perugia, on the Nera River, near its con- fluence with the Velino (Map: Italy, G 5). The many Roman remains, including an amphithea- tre, "sculptures, baths, inscriptions, etc., are in- teresting. The city has a large Government ar- senal and extensive iron and steel interests. Woolen goods, brick, olive oil, and wine are also manufactured. Near the city are the famous falls of Terni, in the Velino River — the Caseate delle Marmore — with a total descent of 650 feet. Population (commune), in 1901, 30,641. Terni, the ancient Interanina, was of considerable im- portance under the Romans. TERN'STRCEIinA'CE.ffi (Neo-Lat. nom. pi., from Tcrnstrainia, named in honor of the Swed- ish naturalist Ternstrom ) . According to Ben- tham and Hooker, an order of about 200 species of dicotyledonous trees and shrubs, natives of warm and temperate countries. They are most abundant in South America ; a few are found in North America : some in India and China. The leaves are alternate, leathery, in many species evergreen, generally undivided. The flowers are on axillary or terminal stalks, generally white, sometimes pink or red; the fruit a 2 to 7 celled capsule, containing a few large seeds, often rich in oil. This order contains tea, camellia, and gordonia (qq.v. ). Engler divides it into several distinct orders, most of the genera being transferred to the order Theaceie. The best known .merican representative of this order is the loblolly uay (iiordvnia lasiunthns) . TERPAN'DER (Lat., from Gk. •^ipiravSpo^, Terpandros). A Greek musician who lived in the seventh century- B.C. He was born at An- tissa, in the island of Lesbos, went to Sparta, and in 676 was crowned victor in the first musical contest at the feast of Apollo Carneius. He es- tablished there the first musical school in Greece and is credited with the enlargement of the com- pass of the lyre to an octave. He was the first to set poetry regularly to music. TERPSICHORE, terp-sik'6-re (Lat., from Gk. lep'^ix^p-q, fem. of repfixiipos, terpsichoros, delighting in the dance, from Wpi/'is, terpsis, en- joyment + X'>P^^t ehoros, dance). In Greek niythologj-, one of the nine Muses (q.v.). She presided "over the choral dance. In the later assignment of functions to the Muses, she was regarded as the Muse of the lesser lyric poetry, and was distinguished by the lyre. TERQXJEM, tar'kiiN'. OiRY (1782-1862). A French geometer, born at iletz of Jewish parents. In 1804 he was called to ilainz as professor of mathematics in the Lyceum, and afterwards to a similar position in the school of artillery. Re- turning to Paris in 1814, he was appointed li- brarian in the artillery depot at Saint-Thomas- d'Aquin. Terquem ^^■as a distinguished geometer and is largely known for his youretles annates de mathemaiirjues, a publication which he founded together with Gerono in 1842, and which is still continued. He also wrote BiiUciin de bihlio- graphie, d'histoire et de biographic mallU- matiques (7 vols., 1855-61). TERRACE (OF. terrace, tcrrassc, Fr. ter- rasse, from It. terraccia, terrazzo, terrace, from terra, from Lat. (crro, earth, land). In geology, a stretch of comparatively level land along the shore of a lake or the ocean or bordering the course of a river and elevated some distance above water level. Terraces frequently occur in series, one rising above the other as the distance from the shore increases. River terraces owe their origin to the cutting down of flood plains; as the channel of a river widens and deepens the flood plain is gradually cut away until only the edges adjacent to the valley walls remain. This
