TIGLATH-PILESER. 284 TILBURY FORT. Assyrian colonies in hostile districts with a view of thus making Assyrian influence a more perma- nent factor than could be accomplished merely by military invasions. Successful also in break- ing up a combination that had been formed against him in Ararat under the leadership of Sarduris II., aided by a group of allies in Asia Minor, he secured a large booty in a battle in which he claims to have captured no fewer than 72,950 soldiers of the enemy. He encountered more difficulty in quelling a revolt in Northern Syria in B.C. 742-740. As early as B.C. 730 there was a conflict between the Assyrians and a certain Azariah of Jaudi, and until recently it was supposed that this was none other than King Azariah of Judah, but chronological as well as other difficulties stand in the way of this identification, and it is more probable that the land Jaudi referred to is not .Judah. bvit a district in Northern Syria. The King ovcrtlu'ew Azariah and his allies and again showed his ad- ministrative abilities by placing the hostile dis- trict, divided into small principalities, under As- syrian Governors. He enumerates in his inscrip- tions a long list of rulers of petty States in Asia Minor and Syria who brought him tribute, and among these we find Menahem of Samaria, the notice thus confirming the statement in II. Kings XV. 19-21. In B.C. 734 Tiglath-pileser again proceeded to the West, being appealed to by Ahaz, King of Judah (II. Kings xvi. 7), to assist him against the combination formed by Pekah, King of Israel, and Rezin of Damascus. Rezin was de- feated and fled to his capital, and while a por- tion of the Assyrian army laid siege to it, an- other section was sent to ravage and plunder the Syrian, Israelitish, and Philistine towns. In B.C. 732 Damascus fell and an Assyrian official was appointed (Governor. Auiong those who hastened to pay homage to Tiglath-pileser, we find his vassal King Ahaz (or Jehoahaz as he is called in the Assyrian inscriptions) of Jiidah. This visit is the one referred to in II. Kings xvi. 10. Tiglath-pileser also claims to have deposed Pekah 01 Israel and to have put Hoshea in his place. Ac- cording to the biblical statement (II. Kings xv. 30) Pekah was murdered in the course of a revolt instigated bj' Hoshea, who no doubt was abetted by the Assyrian King. Shortly after his suc- cessful campaign in Syria and Palestine, Tiglath- pileser was obliged to proceed once more against Babylonia, where trouble bad broken out. Two years elapsed before he could take the decisive step of having himself crowned King of Baby- lonia. The ceremony took place on the Baby- lonian New Year's festival of the year B.C. 728. As King of Babylonia he assumed his original name of Pulu (identical with Parus in the Ptolemaic canon). Not long afterwards, in B.C. 727, he died, leaving his policy of political cen- tralization to be carried on by his son Shal- maneser TV. Con.sult the Babylonian-Assyrian histories of Rogers, Winckler, Tiele, and Hom- mel. TIGRA'NES (Lat., from Gk. 7iyp6.p-ni, Ar- men. Tiriran). The name of several kings of ancient Armenia. The most famous was Ti- aranes the Great, who was born about B.C. 121. He was for many years a hostage at the Parthian Court, but was exchanged for seventy districts about 95, when he succeeded to the throne. He made an alliance with his father-in-law, Mithri- dates (q.v.), King of Pontus, against the Romans. He was at first successful, and about 83 he conquered S.yria, later extending his power over much of Asia Minor, besides tak- ing from the Parthians the provinces of Meso- potamia. Adiabene, and Atropatene. In 71 Mithridates fled to him for refuge from the Roman general Lucullus (q.v.). Refusing to give up the fugitive, Tigrancs was attacked by the Romans, and was defeated in 69 at Tigrano- certa. his newly founded capital, although a mutiny prevented Lucullus from following up his advantage. Three years later Pompius (q.v.) took the field against the Armenians, and in 04 after a long siege compelled Tigranes to surrender at Artaxata. He remained in posses- sion of Armenia Major, however, on the pay- ment of 6000 talents. In 55 he named his son Artavasdes co-ruler. The date of his death is imcertain. TIGRE, te-gra'. A division of Abvssinia (q.v.). TI'GRIS (Greek, from the old Persian tigra, an arrow). One of the two large rivers which inclose the historic region of Mesopotamia, in Asiatic Turkey (Map: Turkey in Asia, M 6). It rises by two main headstreams in the moun- tains of Kurdistan, near the Euphrates, Thence it flows in a winding southeast course of about 950 miles till it joins the Euphrates at Koi'na to form the Shat-el-Arab, which after a short course flows into the Persian Gulf. Tlie Tigris is a rapid and turbid stream. In its upper course it re- ceives numerous tributaries from both sides. Be- low Mosul, liowever, the tributaries come nearly all from the east, the region between the Lignis and the Euphrates being here a desert overgrown with wormwood and similar scrub. Farther down the Tigris communicates across the desert with the Euphrates by a number of liayous or canals, some of which are dry the greater part of the year. At the confluence the Tigris, though shorter than the Euphrates, is more voluminous, and it is navigable for steamers to Bagdad. Thence smaller vessels proceed to Mosul, and above that city rafts descend from Diarbekir, almost at the source of the river. The rafts, however, are broken up at Mosul and trans- ported back by camel. The main tributary of the Tigris is the Diyala, which joins it from the east, a short distance below Bagdad, and which is navigable for some distance by small vessels. Next to the Diyala, the largest affluent is the Greater Zab. Outside of the three cities men- tioned the banks of the Tigris are very thinly populated. Among the remains of ancient cities on the banks of the Tigris are those of Nineveh, Seleucia, and Ctcsiphon. TILBTJRG, tll'boorK. A manufacturing town in the Netherlands, Province of North Brabant, 36 miles southeast of Rotterdam, and 19 miles east of Breda (Map: Netherlands. D 3). The town has a new church in the Gothic style, and a cloth-hall, and is besides an important manufacturing centre, with more than 300 fac- tories, most of them woolen and cloth mills, and tanneries. Popilation, in 1895. 36.275: in 1900, 40.629. TIL'BURY FORT. A fortification in Essex, England, on the north bank of the Thames, op-
