VAUDRETJIL. 28 the royal family from the mob at Versailles (October 5. 17S9). In 1791 he fled to EnjiUiiul, where he reniaincd during the Reign of Terror. VAUDREUIL, Philippe de Rigavd, Marquis of (c.1641-1725). A French Governor of Canada. He was born near Castelnaudary, Languedoc, entered the army, and in 1CS7 was made brigadier- general and sent to Canada. He served un- der Frontenac and led expeditions against the Iroquois Indians, gaining a notable victory over them in 1093. In 1701 he became Gov- ernor of Montreal and in 1703 Governor-General of Canada. He displayed much zeal and ability in the execution of his duties. He died at Que- bec. October 11, 1725. VAXJDKEUIL - CAVAGNAL, ka'va'nyal', Pierre Fr..ncois, :larquis of (1098-1705). The last French Governor of Canada, born in Quebec, son of the preceding. He entered the army and in 1733 was appointed Governor of Three Rivers. He became Governor of Louisiana in 1742 and in 1755 was made Governor- General of Canada, succeeding Duquesne. Be- tween him and Montcalm (q.v.) much dissen- sion prevailed. After the battle on the Plains of Abraham (1759) decisive action on the part of Vaudreuil might have driven Wolfe's weakened army from Quebec, but his faltering destroyed all chances of recovering the town. In 1760 he sur- rendered Montreal to the English against the will of General Levis, the military commander. In Paris he was brought to trial for mismanage- ment of Canadian affairs, but received full justi- fication. VAITGHAN, v.in, Charle.s John (1816-97). An English cltrgj-man and educator. He was born at" Leicester." and educated at Rugby under Dr. Arnold, and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took his degree in 1838. He studied law for a time, but turned to theology and was ordained in 1841. He was vicar of Saint Mar- tin's, I.eicester, until 1844. in which year he was elected head master of Harrow. In 1860 he be- came vicar of Doncaster, and gave much of his energy to the training of candidates for ordina- tion. ' From 1809 to 1894 he was master of the Temple in London, and had a widespread influ- ence as a preaclicr and as a prominent leader of the Broad Church Party. With this position from 1879 he combined the deanery of Llandaff, where he died October 15, 1897. He published numerous volumes of sermons and commentaries, and The Church of the First Days (1864-65; in one vol. ISnO). VAUGHAN, Henry (1022-95). An English poet. He was Ijorn at Ncwton-by-Usk, South Wales, and entered .Jesus College. Oxford (16.38). He studied law and medicine in Lonilon, with- drawing subsequently to liis native place, where he became an eminent physician (1650). He wrote poetry on various subjects, chiefly devo- tional. Among Iiis works are: Poems with the Tenth Satt/re of ■Juvenal Englished (1646) ; Olor lacantis (1651); The Mount of Olives, or Soli- tar}/ Devotions (1652); and Thalia Rcdiviva (1673). His complete works were edited by Oros- art (London, 1871) and his poems l)y Chambers (ib., 1890). His verse, sometimes harsh, has a frequent charm of quaintness and a delicate force. VAUGHAN, llEKm-.RT (1832-1903). An Eng- lisli llcmian Catliolic prelate. He was born at VAUGHAN. Gloucester, and studied at Stonjdiurst College, at Brugelette, in Belgium, and at the Accademia de' Nobili Ecclesiastici in Rome. After his or- dination in 1854 he joined the Oblates of Saint Charles, then under Cardinal Manning's direc- tion. In 1802 he left Saint Edmund's College, Ware, of which he had been for some time vice- president, and devoted himself to missionary work in England and to founding Saint Joseph's College at Mill Hill, near London, for training missionaries. He was especially interested in work among the negroes of America, and in 1871 accompanied thither the first detachment of priests sent from the college. He was chosen Bishop of Salford in 1872. After twenty years of work in this diocese, he was appointed Arch- bishop of Westminster to succeed Cardinal Man- ning, and himself received the cardinal's hat in 1893. He was always an active worker on be- half of the cause which he represented: as pro- prietor of the Tablet and the Duhlin lieview, he inspired a vigorous defense of the Roman Catholic position, which appeared also in his public utterances, always marked by an uncom- promising attitude toward the other religious bodies in England. It was often said thal: the Papal decision against the validity of Anglican orders was largely due to his efforts. His in- terest in the temperance cause, in work among children, and in commercial education under Catholic auspices (for which he built Saint Bede's College) was well known. VAUGHAN, Robert (I795-I868). A Con- gregational minister, of Welsh stock, born in the west of England. He was trained for the min- istry by an independent divine of Bristol. He became minister of an independent chapel at Kensington (1825), professor of history in the London University (1834), and presi- dent of the Independent College at Man- chester (1843). Owing to ill health, he resigned his presidency in 1857, and later took charge of a congregation at Torquay, where he died. In 1845 he founded the British Quarterly, which he ably edited for twenty years. Among his works are: The TAfe and Opinions of John de Wycliffe, D.D. (1828) ; Memorials of the Stuart Di/nasty (1831); Causes of the Corruption of Christianity (1834) ; The Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell (1838) ; History of England Under the. House of Stuart (1840) ; Revolutions in English History (1859-03) ; and English Nonconformity (1802). VAUGHAN, William (1577-1041). A co- lonial pioneer and autlior, of an ancient Welsh family settled at Golden Grove, in Carmarthen- shire, South Wales. He was educated at Jesus College, Oxford, gradmiting in 1595, and later traveled on the Continent. He established .a colony at his own exjiense on Trepassey Bay, Newfoundland, and went out himself in or about 1022. While in his colony he wrote a quaint tract in prose and verse called The Golden Fleece (published 1620) describing the new land. Vaughan was also the author of The Golden Grove moralised, in three bookes: a M'ork very necessary for all such as uould knoir how to (louerne themselves, their houses, or their eoun- trey (1000), and several other books in English aii<i in Latin, some of which are strangely mys- tical. The Newlanders Cure (1030; reprinted in
