WINCHESTER. 554 WINCHESTER COLLEGE. peeially noted for its extensive glove and leather interests. Flour, woolen goods, paper, and lum- ber products are also manufactured. Under the charter of 1874, the government is vested in a mayor, chosen biennially, and a unicameral coun- cil." The water-works are owned and operated by the nmnic-ipality. Population, in IS'JO, Sl'Jti; in 11)00, 5101. After Braddoek's defeat (1755) Washing- ton took command at Winchester of the lirit- ish and colonial troops. Fort Loudoun, built by him, still remains, and his headquarters can also be seen in one section of the town. During the Civil War several engagements were fought at and in the vicinity of Win- chester, which by reason of its location was an important strategic point. On ilarch 23, 1862, the Federal General Shields defeated Gen- eral Jackson, with an inferior Confederate force, at Kernstown, four miles .south of Winchester. On August 17, 1804, General Early, with a Con- federate force, drove a Federal force under Gen- eral Torbert from Winchester. On September 19, 1804, in the battle of Winchester or Ope- quon Creek General Sheridan, with a Federal force of about 38.000, defeated General Early, with a Confederate force of about 13,000, the Federals losing in killed, wounded, and missing about 5000, and the Confederates about 4000. This was followed bv another engagement at Fisher's Hill, near this place, on September 22d, in which Sheridan was again victorious. On October 19, 1864, Sheridan started from Win- chester on his famous ride to Cedar Creek (q.v.). WINCHESTER, Eltiaxax (1751-97). A Universalist minister, born at Brookline, Mass. He joined the open communion Baptists, at Can- terbury. Conn., 1770, and was ordained pastor of a church, Rehoboth, JIass., 1771; a year later he became a close cimimunionist .and was ex- communicated by his Church. He resided in Charleston, S. C, 1774-80. He became pastor of the First Baptist Church. Philadclpliia, 1780; became a preacher of universal restoration, and with a majority of his people formed a new church, 1781. He went to Englanil in I7S7, re- maining till 1794, and preaching with great sue- ce.ss. Among his numerous ]nib!ications may be named : A't'»; Book of Poaiiia on ficrrrnl Occasions (1773); Hymns (1776): The Face of 3{osps Vnreiled (1787); The Universnl Restoration, Exhibited in Four Dialogues (1788) : The Kesti- tution of All Tlnnijs Defended (1790); Course of Lectures on the Prophecies that Remain to he Fulfilled (1789-90); and Five Letters on the Divinity of Christ (1810). He was a forerunner of the present Universalist denomi- nation. Consult his Life by Stone (Boston, 1830). WINCHESTER, .Tajies ( 17ii2-lS26) . An .American soldier, born at White Level, JId. Ho became a second lieutenant in the Second Mar}'- land in 1777, and a first lieutenant in 1778; was captured at Charleston in 1780, but was ex- changed in the following December; and became a captain in the Third Maryland in 1781. In March, 1812, he was appointed a brigadier-gen- eral, and in September superseded William Henry Harrison at Fort Wayne. In command of the left wing of the army, Winchesler moved from Fort Dellance to Maumec Rapids, but on Janunrv 22, 1813. was defeated at the Hivcr Raisin by a greatly superior force of British and Indians imder Colonel Proctor. Winchester was himself taken prisoner, and was induced to send an order to those of his men who were still re- sisting to surrender. The sick and wounded Americans were massacred on the 23d by the savages. (See Frenciitowx.) Winchester him- self was taken as a prisoner to Quebec, and was not exchanged until the spring of 1814. In March, 1815, he resigned his commission in the ' army. WINCHESTER, Oliveb Fisher (1810-80). An American manufacturer, born in Boston. He resided for a time in Baltimore, and in 1848 he removed to Xew Haven, where he opened one of the first shirt factories in the United States. When the Volcanic Arms Company was organized to manufacture the Henry magazine rille, Winchester became a stockholder, and in 1800 bought it out and reorganized it as the New Haven Arms Company. Five years later he again reorganized it as the Winchester Re- peating Arms Company, and gave the rille his own name. In 1872 he began the manufacture of metallic cartridges. He was elected Lieutenant- Governor of Connecticut in 1866. He gave large sums of money to Yale L'niversity and founded there an observatory which for some time bore his name. WINCHESTER, William Paulet (Pawlet, or PotLET), first ^Marquis of (c.1485-1572) . An English nobleman, eldest son of Sir John Paulet of Basing, Hampshire. He held several positions in the royal household, was created Baron Saint John in 1539, and was nominated by the will of Henry VIII. one of the council of regency for the period of young Edward's minority. In 1550 he assisted Northumberland in overthrowing Somerset; was created Earl of Wiltshire five days later; and in the following year became Marquis of Winchester, He pre- tended to acquiesce in Northumberland's plan for setting aside the claims of Mary and giving the throne to Lady .Jane Grey, but after North- umberland left London to put dow^n the revolt, Paulet joined other noblemen in proclaiming Mary. She confirmed him in all his offices, and also made liim Lord Privy Seal. Under Elizabeth he also continued to hold his oflices. and was Speaker of the House of Lords in 1559 and in 1500. WINCHESTER COLLEGE. Onp of the old- est i>ublic schools in England, situated at Win- chester. It was foun<led by William of Wyke- ham in 13S7, and opened in 1393. as ,a feeder for New College, Oxford. Originally the foundation consisted of a warden, ten fellows, three chap- lains, an usher, and seventy scholars; but in 1857 the number of fellowships was reduced to six. A certain number of outside pupils were admitted from the very beginning, and their number increased gradually. About twelve va- cancies for foundationers occur every year, which are filled by competitive examination. Four ex- hibitions of the annual value of £50 each, tenalile for four years at the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, are awarded every year, Tlu're are also six scholarships (enable at New College, Oxford, The original building with several ad- ditions is still extant. The attendance in 1902 was about A'lQ.
