The Imperfect (Imperf.) denotes that the action was occurring at some time in the past; as, vĕnĭēbam I-was-coming.
The Pluperfect (Plup.) that it had occurred by some time in the past; as, vēnĕram I had come.
§ 58. Mood.—There are three Moods of Verbs: the Indicative (Ind.), the Subjunctive (Subj.), and the Imperative (Imp.).
The Indicative asserts; as, vĕnīs thou-art-coming.
The Imperative commands; as, vĕnī come!
The Subjunctive has many usages, which will be explained in the Syntax.
A Verb in any of these moods is called Finite.
§ 59. Voice.—There are two Voices of Verbs: Active and Passive.
Of Active Verbs the person who does the action is the subject; as, ămō I-love.
Of Passive Verbs the person to whom the action is done is the subject; as, ămŏr I-am-loved.
Active Verbs are either Transitive or Intransitive. Those which express an action directly affecting some object are Transitive; and these only have complete inflexions in the Passive.
Verbs which express a state or condition are Intransitive; as, stō I-stand. Such Verbs can only be put into the Passive impersonally, as, stātŭr ā mē it-is-stood by me, i.e., a stand is made by me.
Deponent Verbs are those which have the inflexions of the Passive Voice, with an Active meaning; as hortŏr I-advise.
§ 60. Verbals.—Among the parts of the Verb are included certain Verbals, of which some are Nouns and some Adjectives.
The Verbal Nouns are:
