even the mildest of masters could never have been one to
awaken laughter. And no genuinely thinking person, no really
astute observer, looking at the Negro in modern American life,
could find his condition even now a first aid to laughter. That
condition may be variously deemed hopeless, remarkable, admirable, inspiring, depressing; it can never be dubbed merely
amusing
*****
It was the colored actor who gave the first impetus away
from this buffoonery. The task was not an easy one.
For years the Negro was no great frequenter of the theater. And
no matter how keenly he felt the insincerity in the presentation
of his kind, no matter how ridiculous and palpable a caricature
such a presentation might be, the Negro auditor with the help-
lessness of the minority was powerless to demand something
better and truer. Artist and audience alike were in the grip
of the minstrel formula. It was at this point in the eighteen-nineties that Ernest Hogan, pioneer comedian of the better
type, changed the tradition of the merely funny, rather silly
"end-man” into a character with a definite plot in a rather
loosely constructed but none the less well outlined story.
The method was still humorous, but less broadly, less exclusively. A little of the hard luck of the Negro began to
creep in. If he was a buffoon, he was a buffoon wearing his
rue. A slight, very slight quality of the Harlequin began to
attach to him. He was the clown making light of his troubles
but he was a wounded, a sore-beset clown.
This figure became the prototype of the plays later presented by those two great characters, Williams and Walker. The ingredients of the comedies in which these two starred usually consisted of one dishonest, overbearing, flashily dressed character (Walker) and one kindly, rather simple, hard-luck personage (Williams). The interest of the piece hinged on the juxtaposition of these two men. Of course these plays, too, were served with a sauce of humor because the public, true to its carefully taught and rigidly held tradition, could not dream of a situation in which colored people were anything but merely funny. But the hardships and woes suffered by
