Habib 99 Hafiz Habib-ullah, Shaikh, *T'i■^^ a celebrated poet of Agrah. Habib-ullah, Shah or Mir, ^^^^ '^i-)^ a. descen- dant of Shah Ni'mat-ullah Wah', and an amir in the service of the Bahmanf liings of the Dakhan. He was imprisoned, and afterwards put to death in June, 1460 A. D., Sha'ban 864 A. H., by Sultan Humayun Shah II, Eahmanf, a tyrant, who at tie same time cast his brother Hasan Khan, who had rebelled against him, before a voracious tiger, that soon tore the wretched prince to pieces. Habshi or Habashi, i/^'i^} a poet who having lost an eye in a scufHe, was asked by Ibrahim Pasha, "Where is thine other eye ?" and making answer, " It grew tired of stopping at home in the socket, and flew out to see the world ;" was imprisoned ten years for his wit in the tower of Hero and Leander, where he daily gave vent to his feelings in such verses as the following : — I wiU groan, till every stone in this cold prison-tower shall weep, I will cry, till earth and sky, and each dark rolling hour shall weep, I will make, that hearts shall break, and even the dewless flower shall weep, Yea, for me, the wronged Habshi, both Musalman and Gabr shall weep ! Hadi, Lf'^^, a khalif of Baghdad, vide Al-Hadi. Hadi, poetical name of Mir Muhammad Jawad 'AH Khan, who died in the year 1800 A. D., 1215 A. H., and left a Diwan in Urdii. Hafi, c5*'^j which means barefoot, is the surname of Zaia- uddfn Muhammad, an author, who led an austere life, and who always walking barefoot, was thus surnamed. Hafiz-uddin Ahmad, Moulwi, '^♦■=>-' ^^=^ LSj^y} author of the " Khirad Afroz," an Urdu trans- lation of the " Ayar Danish," or Pilpay's Fables, which he translated for the use of the College of Port William in 1803 A. D., 1218 A. H. Hafiz-uddin Nasafi-bin-Ahmad, ly? (^^^ J=aA=»-j author of the Commentaries called " Ma- darik-ut-Tanzil" and " Plakaek-ut-Tanawil," ia Arabic. He died in the year 1310 A. D., 710 A. H., vide Nasafi or Al-Nasafa. Hafiz-ullah, Shaikh, *'-'t a relation of Siraj-uddin 'AH Khan Arzu. His poetical name was Asam. He died in the 21st vear of the emperor Muham- mad Shah of DehH, 1767 A. D., 1181 A. H. Hafiz Abru, surnamed Nur-uddin-bin-Lutf- ullah, author of the history called " Tarikh Hafiz Abru." He was born in the city of Hirat, but passed his infancy in Hamdan, where he received his education. He was fortunate enough to secure the esteem of Amir Taimur, who sought every occasion to do him service. After the death of that tyrant, he attended the court of his son Shahrukh Mirza, and received from the young- prince Mii'za Baisanghar every demonstration of kindness and regard. To him he dedicated his works under the name of " Zubdat-ut-Tawarikh Baisangham," which contains a complete history of the world, and an account of the institutions and religions of different people down to 1425 A- D., 829 A. H. He died five years afterwards in the city of Zanjan, about the year 1430 A. D., 834 A. H. Hafiz Adam, f'^T ^^=>-, a Musalman devotee and disciple of Shaikh Ahmad Sarhindi, who about the year 1673 A. D., in conjunction with the Sikh Guru Tegh Bahadur, having collected his followers, levied contributions with the greatest oppression from the inhabitants of his neigh- bourhood and pretended to royalty. He was banished from the kingdom across the Indus by order of the em- peror 'Alamgir. Hafiz Halwai, CS"!^^^ -^^'^ja confectioner and poet of Hirat who flourished in the reign of Shahrukh Mirza, the son of Amir Taimur about the year 1430 A. D., 834 A. H. Hafiz, Khwaja, ^'^^^^j whose proper name is Shams- uddin Muhammad, was the most elegant lyric poet of Persia. He was born at Shiraz in the reign of the Muzafiarians, and was living at the time when Amir Taimur (Tamerlane) defeated Shah Mansur the last Sultan of that dynasty. The language of Hafiz has been styled among the Musaknans, " Lisan-ul-Ghaib," the lan- guage of mystery. From his fi'equent celebration of love and wine in his odes he has not improperly been deno- minated, by some Orientalists, the Anacreon of Persia. He died in 1389 A. D., 971 A. H. at Shi'raz, where his tomb is yet to be seen at a place called Musalla, and is visited as a sacred spot by pilgrims of all ages. After his death a collection of 569 of his odes was made by Sajiyad Kasim Anwar, entitled " Diwan Hafiz." A few of his poems may be understood in a literal sense ; but in general they are figurative, and allude to the Sufi doctrines ; most of them have been at different times translated into some of the European languages. At the head of the English translators, stand Sir W. Jones, Messrs. Eichardson and Carlyle. There have been two other Persian poets of the name of Hafiz, one of them surnamed Halwai, that is to say, the confectioner, who Hved in the reign of Sultan Shahrukh, the son of Tamer- lane, and the other was named Ajan Eumi. Many zeal- ous admirers of Hafiz insist, that by wine he invariably means devotion ; and they have gone so far as to compose a dictionary of words in the language, as they call it, of the Sufis : in that vocabularj^, sleep is explained by me- ditation on the divine perfections, and perfume by hope of the divine favor ; gales are illapses of grace ; Msses and embraces, the rajitures of piety ; idolators, infidels, and libertines, are men of the purest religion, and their idol is the Creator himself; the tavern is a retired oratory, and its keeper, a sage instructor ; beauty denotes the per- fection of the Supreme Being ; tresses are the expansion of his glory ; lips the hidden mysteries of his essence ; down on the cheek, the world of spirits, who encircle his throne ; and a black mole, the point of indivisible unity ; lastly, wantonness, mirtli, and inebriety, mean religious ardour and abstraction from all terrestrial thoughts. Hafiz Muhammad, author of the " Hawi Saghir." Hafiz Eahmat Khan, e;'^ '^♦=>-j a celebrated Eohila chief. He joined his countrymen during the administration of 'Ali Muhammad Khan, who advanced him to an important station, and Pilibhit and Bareily were given to him and Muradabad to another chief named Dunde Khan. Having attained his office, by military abihty and genius, he at length wholly superseded the authority of Sa'd-ullah Khan, the son of 'AH Muhammad Khan, and was advanced to the supreme administration of affairs. He failed in his engagement to pay forty lacs of rupees to Nawab Shuja-uddaula of Audh for the protec- tion of his country from the ravages of the Marhattas, was killed in a battle fought by the nawab by the assis- tance of the English on the 23rd April, 1774 A. D.. 10th Safai-, 1188 A. H. His Life is translated by Mr. ElHott. Hafiz Rakhna, ^^'^) ■tjLa.^ jg the name of the person who planted a large garden at Sarhind in the reign
