Mubammad 192 Muhammad placed on the throne after the assassination of his uncle Mubarik Shah in April, 1434 A. D., Eamazan 837 A. H. He reigned 12 lunar years and died on the 20th of Janu- ary, 1446 A. D., 22nd Shawwal 849 A. H. He was suc- ceeded by his son Sultan 'Ala-uddin. Muhammad Shah, the son of Ahmad Shah, succeeded his father to the throne of Gujrat in July, 1443 A. D., Eabi' I, 847 A. H. He reigned eight lunar years, 9 months and 4 days, and was poisoned by his wife on the 12th February, 1451 A. D., 10th Muharram, 855 A. H. He was succeeded by his son Kutb Shah also called Kutb-uddin. Muhammad Shah, <>>*^*, the son of Hoshang Shah, ascended the throne of Malwa after the death of his father on the 17th July, 1434 A. D., 9th Zil-hijja, 837 A. H. He reigned about nine months and was poisoned by Muhammad Khan (the son of Malik Mughis his prime minister) who ascended the throne under the title of Mahmud Shah Khilji in May, 1435 A. D. Muhammad Shah, <i'*^'°, emperor of Dehlf, sur- named Eoshan Akhtar or the Brilliant Star, was the son of the prince Jahan Shah one of the three brothers who perished in disputing the crown with their eldest brother Jahandar Shah, the son of Bahadur Shah. He was born on Friday the 7th of August, 1702 O. S., 24th Eabi' I, 1114 A. H., and crowned by the two Sayyads after the death of Eafi-uddaula, on the 29th September, 1719 A. D., 25th Zi-Kada, 1131 A. H. On his accession it was deter- mined that the names of his two predecessors, viz., Eafi- uddarjat and Eafi-uddaula who reigned about three months each, should be struck out of the list of kings, and that his reign should commence from the death of the emperor Farrukh-siyar. Muhammad Shah reigned 30 lunar years, 6 months and 10 days, and died one month after the battle of Sarhind which his son fought against Ahmad Shah Abdali. His death took place on Thursday the 16th of April, 1748 A. D., 27th Eabi' II, 1161 A. H. at the age of 47 lunar years, 1 month and 3 days. He was buried in the court before the mausoleum of Nizam- uddin Aulia at Dehlf, and was succeeded by his son Ah- mad Shah. This emperor may be termed the last of the race of Amir Taimiir who reigned in Dehli and enjoyed any power. The few princes of that sovereign's family who were raised to the throne after Muhammad Shah were mere pageants, whom the nobles of the court eleva- ted or cast down as it suited the purposes of their ambi- tions. Muhammad Shah 'Adil or 'Adli, J^'* 8^ cy^^ an Afghan of the tribe of Siir, whose original name was Mubariz Khan, was the son of Nizam Khan Stir, the brother of Sher Shah, and brother-in-law of Salim Shah after whose death in 1554 A. D., 961 A. H., having murdered his son Firoz, a boy of twelve years of age who had been raised to the throne, he assumed royal dignity with the title of Muhammad Shah 'Adil. He was illi- terate, hated men of learning and kept company with illiterate persons like himself, whom he raised to the highest dignities in the State ; among whom, one Himu, a Bania or Indian shopkeeper, whom his predecessor Salim Shah had made superintendent of the markets, was intrusted with the whole administration of affairs. This naturally created him enemies among the Afghan chiefs, who having conspired against his life, revolted from his authority. Ibrahim Khan Sur, who had the king's sister for his wife, soon after raised a considerable army, and, getting possession of the city of Dehli, ascen- ded the throne in 1555 A. D., 962 A. H., and assumed the ensigns of royalty. Muhammad Shah, finding him- self betrayed, fled to Chunar, and contented himself with the government of the eastern provinces. He was slain in a battle fought at Munger with Bahadur Shah, king of Bengal, 1656 A. D., 963 A. H. The period of his reign at Dehlf was only eleven months. Muhammad Shah Bahmani I, Jjt ij-^. »^ the second king of the Bahmanf dynasty, was the son of Sultan 'Ala-uddfn Hasan Kangoli Bahmanf, whom he succeeded to the throne of the Dakhin in February, 1358 A. D., 19th Zi-Kada, 776 A. H. He reigned 17 lunar years and died on the 2l8t of March, 1375 A. D. His son Mujahid Shah succeeded him. Muhammad Shah Bahmani II, ts^'^ c5^t^ iX»s:/o, the thirteenth Sultan of the Bahmani dynasty, was the son of Humayun Shah the Cruel. He succeeded his bro- ther Nizam Shah to the throne of the Dakhin in July, 1463 A. D. in his ninth year; and the affairs. of government were conducted, as in the reign of his late brother, by Khwaja Jahan and Khwaja Mahmud Gtawan, under the direction of the queen mother. The former was murdered after _ sopae time, and the title of Khwaja Jah&n was con- ferred on Mahmud Gawan, adding the duties of Wakfl- us-Saltanat to his other functions. Muhammad Shah reigned nearly 20 lunar years, and died a year after he had caused his minister Mahmud Gawan to be put to death, i. e., on the 24th March, 1482 A. D., 1st Safar, 887 A. H. His son Mahmud Shah II succeeded him. The year of Muhammad Shah's death is comprised in a Persian verse, the translation of which runs thus : Sultan Muhammad Shah, ruler of kings. When suddenly summoned to yield up his breath, Abandoned the Dakhin, and all worldly things. And " the ruin of the Dakhin," recorded his death. Muhammad Shah Sharki, iji/" <^*^, succeeded to the throne of Jaunpur after the death of his father Mahmud Shah Sharkf, in 1452 A. D., 856 A. H., and was killed after five months in a battle which he fought against his brother Husain Shah Sharkf, who succeeded him. Muhammad Shahid, "^ir^ whose garden is still to be seen on the left bank of the Jamna at Agrah where the swimmers of Agrah assemble after bathing in the Jamna in the rainy season, Muhammad Shah, Sayyad, ^'-^ '^i*',- son of Sayyad Waif of Pandua, author of a collection of docu- ments containing Forms of Letters, Parwanas, instruments or Contracts of Law, &c., &c., entitled "Jama' ul-Dastur," written about the year 1800 A. D. Muhammad Shah Tughlak i, <3iiJ <>*s'°, whose former name was Malik Fakhr-uddfn Junan, suc- ceeded his father Ghayas-uddfn Tughlak Shah on the throne of Dehlf in February, 1335 A. D., 725 A. H. He took the fort of Nagarkot in 1337 A. D. and built several royal buildings and places in Dehlf. It was in his reign that 'Ala-uddfn Hasan Kangoh raised the standard of roy- alty in the Dakhin, 1347 A. D., 748 A. H., where his descendants reigned for several generations. Muham- mad Shah died at Thatta on the banks of the river Sindh on the 20th of March, 1351 A. D., 21st Muliarram, 752 A. H., after a reign of nearly 27 lunar years. He was succeeded by his cousin Sultan Ffroz Shah Barbak, the son of Sipah Salar Eajab. Muhammad Shah Tughlak II, ts^^-* i^i^slS. ^*is^^ surnamed Nasiv-uddin, was the son of Ffroz Shah Tugh- lak. He was born on the 3rd June, 1353 A. D., 3rd Jumada I, 754 A, H. Ho ascended the throne
