Shadan 242 Shafa'i father Yezi'd was sent by 'Usman the Khah'f to assist the Syrian Muhammadans against the Greeks in the twenty- fifth year of the Hijra. The Musalmans obtaining the victory, the Christians were exposed for sale. Among the captives Yezfd espied a beautiful maid, whom he bought, and married. She proved with child of Shabib, who was born on the 10th of the month of Zil hijja, being the day on which the pilgrims kill the sacrifices at Mecca. He opposed Hajjaj the governor of Mecca for a long time, and was at last drowned in a river. His body being drawn out, his head was cut off and sent to Hajjaj. This happened in 696 A. D., 77 A. H. Shadan, poetical title of Eae Chandra Lai, an Ami'r in the service of the Nizam of Haidarabad. Shaddad, ^'"^^ the Adite, was the son of 'Adand the first king of the 'Adites, a race of ancient Arabs; the smallest of their tribe is said to have been 60 cubits high, and the largest 100 cubits. 'Ad had two sons, Shadid and Shaddad ; on the death of their father they reigned conjointly over the whole earth. At length Shadid died, and his brother Shaddad ruled after him. Shaddad was fond of reading the ancient books, and when he met with descriptions of Paradise and of the world to come, his heart enticed him to build its like upon the earth. A pleasant and elevated spot being fixed upon, Shaddad despatched one hundred chiefs to collect skilful artists and workmen from all countries. He also commanded the kings of Syria and Onnus to send him all their jewels and precious stones. Forty camel-loads of gold, silver, and jewels were daily used in the building, which con- tained a thousand spacious quadrangles of many thousand rooms. In the areas were artificial trees of gold and silver, whose leaves were emeralds, and fruit clusters of pearls and jewels. The ground was strewed with ambergris, musk and saffron. Between every two of the artificial trees was planted one of delicious fruit. This romantic abode took up 500 years in the completion. To this paradise he gave the name of Iram. When finished, Shaddad marched to view it, and when arrived near, divided two hundred thousand youthful slaves, whom he had brought with him from Damascus, into four detach- ments, which were stationed in cantonments prepared for their reception on each side of the garden, towards which he proceeded with his favourite courtiers. Suddenly was heard in the air a voice like thunder, and Shaddad, looking up, beheld a personage of majestic figure and stern aspect, who said, " I am the Angel of Death, commissioned to seize thy impure soul." Shaddad ex- claimed, " Give me leisure to enter the garden," and was descending from his horse, when the seizer of life snatched away his impure spirit, and he fell dead upon the ground. At the same time lightnings flashed, and destroyed the whole army of the infidel ; and the rose-garden of Iram became concealed from the sight of man. It was during the reign of Muawia, the first Khah'f of Damascus, that some of the principal incidents connected with the Paradise of Shaddad, are said to have taken place. This Paradise, though invisible, is still supposed to be standing in the deserts of Aden, and sometimes, though very rarely God permits it to be seen. Crighton, in his " History of Arabia," says that " The whole fable seems a confused tradition of Belus and the ancient Babylon ; or rather, as the name would import, of Benhadad, mentioned in Scripture as one of the most famous of the Syrian kings, and who, we are told, was worshipped by his subjects." Shadid, Kazi, "^i^-i is^^, an eminent Musalman doctor and author who died in the year 1447 A. D., 851 A. H. Shadid, '^i'^^, an author, whose proper name is Muham- mad bin-Faramurz. Shadman, Sultan, lyl-o^l- ^J■i^i■^, a poet who had assumed the title of Sultan on account of his being a descendant of the royal race of Gihkars, whose territory was between the countries of the Panjab and Hasan Abdal. He flourished in the reign of the 'emperor Shah Jahan, and IS the author of a Diwan. He wrote some beautiful verses m praise of the peacock throne on its completion in the year 1635 A. D , 1044 A. H. for which he was very handsomely rewarded by the emperor. He died in the reign of 'Alamgir 1668 A. D., 1079 A. H. Shad-nl-Mulk, <JSJ ^U, ^ celebrated courtezan whom Sultan Khalil the grandson of Amir Taimur had secretly married, and at last lost his kingdom on her account. Fide Khalil (Sultan). Sha'ib, the name of Jethro, the father-in-law of Moses. Sha'ib, <r*^, the title of a poet of Isfahan, who wrote the poem called " Wamik and Uzra." Shaek, (3.^^, the poetical name of Yiisaf Beg, a poet of Dehlf, who passed a retired life although his other brothers were mansabdars in the service of the emperor 'Alamgir. He died 1687 A. D., 1098 A. H. Shaek, i^i^"", poetical name of Mi'r Ghulam 'Alf bin- Sayyad Fatha 'Alf Razawi Jalisi. He flourished under Ghazi'-uddin Haidar king of Audh who reigned at Lakhnau from 1814 to 1827 A. D., 1229 to 1243 A. H. He is the author of a Diwan. Shaek, poetical name of Nazir- uddin Hasan, son of Shah Ghulam Muhi-uddin Aweisi. He is the author of a work called " Masdar Fayuz" a grammar to leam the Persian language, which he wrote at Bareili in the year 1815 A. D., 1230 A. H., when in the service of Nawab Ahmad Yar Khan. Shafa'i, Imam, t^**" surname of Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin-Idris, who was thus sumamed from Shaffa one of his forefathers who was a descendant of 'Abdul Mutallib, grandfather of Muhammad. It is from that origin that the Sunnis give to this doctor the title of Imam-ul-Mutallibi, as well as that of 'Arif Billah, or learned in God. He was born at Ghaza a city of Pales- tine on the very day that Abu Hani'fa died 767 A. D., 150 A. H., and eventually became the founder of the third of the chief Sunni sects. He died in Egypt on Friday the 20th January, 820 A. D., 30th Eajab. 204 A. H., aged 54 lunar years He is the author of several works, and is said by all Sunni writers to have been a learned and virtuous man, who laboured to arrange the traditions so as to render them useful as a code of laws. In his youth he was a pupil of Malik ibn-'Aus. «His followers were at one time very numerous in Khurasan ; but at present his opinions are rarely quoted, either in Persia or India. He is reputed to have composed two collections of traditions, namely, the " Masnad" and the " Sunan." Besides the works on the traditions, he is said to have composed a most excellent treatise on jurisprudence, called " Al-Fikh-ul-Akbar ;" but it has been questioned whether he was the author. Shafa'i, (.5**'^, poetical appellation of a poet. See Hanifa (Imam). Shafa'i, Hakim, (♦^^ poetical title of Sharaf- iiddin Hasan, a physician and poet who is the author of
