Sher 258 Shujaa' killing a tiger, received from him the title of Sher Khan. He defeated the emperor Humayun once at Behar on the 26th June, 1539 A. D., 9th Safar, 946 A. H., and the second time on the 17th of Maj% 1640 A. D., 10th Mu- harram, 947 A. H., at Kanauj, when he pursued him through Agrah and Lahor to Khiishab ; from whence Humayun eventually retreated towards the Indus. Sher Khan by this victory became the sovereign of Dehlf, assumed the title of Sher Shah, and ascended the throne on the 2oth January, 1642 A. D., 7th Shawwal, 948 A. H. In the 5th year of his reign he moved towards Kalingar one of the strongest forts in Hindustan. The batteries were advanced close to the walls, a breach was made, and a general assault was ordered, when a shell, which was thrown against the fort, burst in the battery in which the king stood. The explosion communicating to a powder magazine, several gunners were blown up, and the king so much scorched, that his recovery was hopeless. In this condition he encouraged the prosecution of the attack, and continued to give his orders, till in the evening news was brought him of the reduction of the place. He then cried out, " Thanks to the Almighty God !" and expired. His death happened on the 24th May, 1545 A. D., 12th Eabf I, 962 A- H. His corpse was conveyed to Sahsaram the family estate, where it was buried in a magnificent sepulchre, which is still to be seen standing in. the centre of a reservoir of water, built during his own life. Tradi- tion adds, that during his reign, such was the public security, that travellers rested and slept with their goods by the highways without apprehension of robbery. He was succeeded by his son Salim Shah. Sher Singh, ruler of the Panjab, was the second son of Kharag Singh the son of Eanjit Singh. After the death of his eldest brother Nau Nihal Singh, which took place on the 17th November, 1840 A. D., his mother Eani Chand Kunwar managed the affairs of his country for two months, when Sher Singh her second son deprived her of that power and became the sole manager. On the 13th September, 1843 A. D., the royal palace was taken by a powerful body of troops and Sher Singh and his son Partap Singh was murdered by Sardar Ajit Singh — every child and all of Sher Singh's and Partap Singh's wives were brought out and murdered ; amongst the rest, cne of Sher Singh's sons, only born the previous evening. After Sher Singh's death. Raja Dali'p Singh the youngest son of Maharaja Eanjit Singh was placed on the Masnad. Vide Kharag Singh. Sherzad, Sultan, <>!3^ii'* ej'^^-", son of Sultan Masaud III, of Ghazm, whom he succeeded 1114 A. D., 608 A. H., and was murdered after one year by his brother Arsalan Shah, who ascended the throne 1115 A. D., 509 A. H. Shia or Shia', Those Muhammadans who assert the rights of 'Alf, are called Shias or Shiites or Sectaries, whilst those who consider the first three Khalifas pre- ceding 'AH as the rightful successors of Muhammad, are called Sunni's or Sannites or Traditionists. The animosity which exists between the Shias and Sunni's, fully equals that of the Protestants and Papists of former times. It was owing to their dissensions that Baghdad was taken, and the Ivhilafat overturned. The Turks and Arabs are Svmnfs ; the Persians and most of the Muhammadans of India are Shias A complete history of the Shias will be found in a work called " Majalis-ul- Mominfn." The Shia doctrines weie adopted by the Persians at the foundation of the Safwi dynasty in 1500 A. D., 905 A. H , and from that period until the present time, have prevailed as the national religion and law of Persia, notwithstanding the violent efforts to substitute the Sunni creed made by the Afghan usurper Ashraf, and the great Nadir Shah. Shibli, isk^, vide Ahd Bakr Shibli. Shikeibi, M a u 1 a n a, ij^^ a poet of Persia whose_ proper name is Muhammad Eaza. He came to India in the reign of the emperor Akbar, and died in the time of Jahangir 1614 A. D., 1023 A. H. Shimbhu, j't^*'", a Brahman, who is the author of a " Zafar-nama" or book of victory, containing a poetical account of the military career of General Lake. Shinasi, u*^^, title of a poet who died in the year 1627 A. D., 1037 A. H., and is the author of a work called " Fazl-nama." Shio Eamdas, w^iifh a poet whose poetical title was Haya, which see. Shitab Eae, Raja, Lsb V^*" *^'j> "^as by caste a Kayeth, and a native of Dehlf ; in his youth he served 'Aka Sulaiman, the favourite dependant of Samsam- uddaula, son of Khan Dauran Amir-ul-'Umra to the emperor Muhammad Shah. Upon the death of Samsam- uddaula, he obtained the ofiice of imperial Diwan at ■ Patna. Attaching himself to the English in the several revolutions, he became their chief adviser in their con- nections with the country powers. He was an able statesman, and understood completely the direction of finance. He died about the year 1777 A. D., 1187 A. H. Shahrat or Shuhrat, the poetical title of Nawab Hakim-ul-Mumalik, vide Muhammad Husain (Shekh). Shorish, t^J^^'f a poet, whose proper name is Gholam Husain and who is the author of a biography of Urdu poets. He died in 1781 A. D., 1195 A. H. Shouk, ijy*") the poetical name of Mir Muhammad Bakir father of Mir Muhammad 'Ata Husain Khan Tahsin. Shouk, C)-^, poetical name of Maulwi Kudrat-uUah, who has left a Diwan and a Biography of poets called Tabkat- ush-Shoara. Shouk, Oy^} poetical name of Eae Tansukh Eae, which see. Shoukat of Bukhara, iSJ^ "^O^j a poet who died at Isfahan in 1695 A. D., 1107 A. H., and left a Diwan in Persian. His proper name is Muhammad Is-hak. Shouki, (jlx^, a poet of Tabreiz, but he is usually called Hirwi, i. e., of Hirat. He left the service of Sam Mirza, son of Shah Tahmasp Safwi and went with the emperor Htimayun to Kabul where he died in 1546 A. D., 953 A. H. Shouki, Amir, ijy"^^) a nobleman and poet who lived in the time of the emperor Shah Jahan. His proper name was Mir Muhammad Husain. He died in 1634 A. D., 1044 A. H. Shujaa' Khan or Shujaa't Khan, ej'^ a relative of Sher Shah, king of Dehli, who conferred the
