Page:The Periplus of the Erythræan Sea.djvu/120

				Roman	Parthian
b.c.		a.d.					b.c.
39	–	14		Augustus Caesar	Phraates IV		37	–	2
a.d.							b.c.		a.d.
14	–	37		Tiberius	Phraataces		2	–	?
37	–	41		Caligula	Orodes II		?
41	–	54		Claudius	Vonones I		?	–	16
54	–	68		Nero	Artabanus III		16	–	42
68	–	69		Galba	Vardanes		42	–	46
69				Otho	Gotarzes		46	–	51
69				Vitellius	Vonones II		51
69	–	79		Vespasian	Volagases I		51	–	78
79	–	81		Titus	Pacorus		78	–	108
81	–	96		Domitian	Chosroes		108	–	130
96	–	98		Nerva	Volagases II		130	–	149
98	–	117		Trajan	Volagases III		149	–	191
117	–	138		Hadrian	Volagases IV		191	–	209
138	–	161		Antoninus Pius	disputed succession:
161	–	169	$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	Marcus Aurelius	Volagases V	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	209	–	215
				Lucius Verus	Artabanus III
169	–	180		Marcus Aurelius	Artabanus III		215	–	226
180	–	192		Commodus	(End of Parthian Empire)
193				Pertinax
193				Didius Julianus
193	–	211		Septimius Severus
211	–	212	$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	Caracalla
				Geta
212	–	217		Caracalla
217	–	218		Macrinus
218	–	222		Heliogabalus
222	–	235		Alexander Severus
Two Roman Emperors serving together:
Marcus Aurelius, Lucius Verus—161–169.
Caracalla, Geta—211–212.
Valerian, Gallienus—253–259.
Diocletian, Maximian—286–305, and through several succeeding reigns.

24. Saffron (Crocus sativus, Linn., order Iridaceae).—The part that entered into trade was the stamens and pistils of the flower, which were used medicinally, as a paint or dye, a seasoning in cookery, and a perfume or ingredient of ointments.

As a perfume, halls, theatres and courts were strewed with the